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Volume 5, Issue 1
Articles
The Hopes of Transitional Muslim States in the Milieu of Globalization |
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| Abstract: | This paper attempts to find out the answers of certain confusions and misunderstandings attached with the phenomenon of globalization and the aspirations of Muslim States in terms of localization of Islamic ideology and its effects. It discusses the challenges and threats which the ‘New World Order’ poses, exploitation of power, military potency, together with supremacy and control over the natural and economic resources of the world have transformed it into a uni-polar world. Muslims, all over the world are in a transitional phase, as they are still recovering from the debacle of Islam’s golden era and subsequently from the wreck of uncertainty of losing their ideological standpoint, and supremacy of the West engulfing the whole idea of globalization. This article is an inquiry into the aspirations of Muslim states and also how can they come out of the uncertainty and confusion, which this phenomenon encompasses. Through looking into the opinions and findings of renowned Muslim scholars and evaluating the current scenario it is relevant to mention here that Muslim thinkers and ardent supporters of Islamic Ideology fail to understand that the phenomenon of globalization is an offspring of the basic principles of Islam, as a religion of moderation and modification. There is nothing which cannot be addressed considering Quran and Sunnah. Moreover, consultations and deliberations can help Muslim States to achieve what they aspire to. | |
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| Keywords: | Global Market, Globalization, Islam, Moderation, Muslim States, New World Order, West | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)01 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)01 | |
| Page Nos: | 01-15 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 1 | |
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Corona Virus: An Islamic Perspective |
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| Abstract: | Corona eruption (COVID-19) is today’s world major problem. People throughout the world are practicing social distancing, emphasizing to keep themselves clean, moreover preferring to quarantine themselves if gets suspicious of infection-all already endorsed and practiced in Islam. Islam has provided the solution of every problem 1400 years or more ago. In that context, Muslims have their own theological beliefs relating to corona pandemic. The teaching of Islam not only facilitated Muslims but all others (human being) in the world. Corona pandemic has evolved a new face of the world and introduced new social norms for Muslims. However, Quran and Sunnah is perfect guide to answer all questions pertaining to any issue or problem. | |
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| Keywords: | Hadith, Sadqa, Sunnah, Tawakal | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)02 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)02 | |
| Page Nos: | 16- 22 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 2 | |
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Impact of Budget Deficit on Economic Growth and Investment in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study elaborates the impacts of budget deficit.Empirical research indicates that the shortfall has unfavourable consequences on the threshold, with a fiscal deficit of 5.67% of GDP. Fiscal policy will, therefore, stimulate inflation if the fiscal gap remains below the level. A balanced budget of a nation is essential to achieve sustainable economic development. Pakistan's budget deficit has detrimental economic development impact, study finds. Some measures to discourage such budget debt amounts from exceeding the target amount of increase are planned. The findings have shown that GDP contributes to savings and deficit. The budget deficit, however, would not raise GDP, according to the report. The report often promotes Keynesian budget shortfall beliefs, it says. | |
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| Keywords: | Degree of the Threshold, Economic Development, Fiscal Surplus, STAR | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)03 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)03 | |
| Page Nos: | 23- 36 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 3 | |
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Factors Affecting the Selection of Research Topic in Pakistan: A Case of Private Sector Universities |
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| Abstract: | This study aims to identify methods of selecting a topic while planning a research project. The students who are in the final years of research degree usually study a full course on research methodology. However, still, they feel that the selection of a research topic is not an easy task. To achieve this, targeted survey was carried out. The sample was selected by using convenient sampling technique from a total population of 1000 (approximately) students researching masters and doctoral degree levels from university of Management and Technology, Lahore. In total, one hundred students took part in the study. A self-developed instrument was used to collect data. The results indicate that there is a diversity of factors that influence students while selecting a research topic; more profound of which include personal experience and supervisor’s area of expertise. The mean difference on the basis of gender was also found in factors of personal experience and availability of data. There was no difference on the basis of the level of study among students of master’s and doctoral degree level. The future research studies can also combine the results of this study with other demographic variables, thus providing detailed information on factors that play a role in selecting a research topic. | |
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| Keywords: | Challenges, Formative Assessment, Learning Outcomes Non-Formal, Summative Assessment | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)04 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)04 | |
| Page Nos: | 37-46 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 4 | |
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Emerging Psychological Impediments and Challenges in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence from Healthcare Perspectives in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in massive casualties and a worldwide economic downturn, but relatively little official attention is provided to the psychological difficulties arising due to the lockdown and isolation. In Pakistan, the public is burdened not just by the pandemic and lockdown, but also by the rampant rumors spreading against the government and healthcare workers. This paper aims to highlight the psychological causes driving the people who create and propagate these rumors. Many people continue to flaunt the guidelines, and rumors such as those of doctors killing patients are frequently spread via social media. Evidence based literature guides the authors to conclude that Pakistan should follow the example of other countries, not just in how to deal with the pandemic and address the populace during these difficult times, but also in establishing several vital services like charities and mental health help lines. Though it should be noted that Pakistan does not have access to the same resources, nor our challenges are all the same due to specific socio-cultural restraints. Efforts to de-stigmatize and educate people about mental illnesses and to encourage them to seek and provide help and support when needed. | |
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| Keywords: | HCP, Lockdown, Pandemic, Psychiatric Morbidity, Psychological Impediments, Public Trust | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)05 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)05 | |
| Page Nos: | 47-60 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 5 | |
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Framing the Political Reality of 2014 Sit-ins: An Analysis of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This paper aims to study how the mainstream English newspapers of Pakistan i.e. Dawn, The News, The Nation, and The Daily Times exploited different frames to make audience/readers believe in a certain way during their coverage of 2014 anti-government sit-ins led by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and Pakistan Awami Tehreek (PAT). Owing to the remarkable role played by media in reshaping the politics of the state during this movement, it becomes important to study how it framed reality for its readers. The study utilizes frame analysis method which focuses on different frames which are used to restrict meanings for constructing a particular interpretation in mind of the reader. The analysis of the data collected majorly from headlines of the four newspapers show that in most of the cases the frames were selected which could produce a little anger against the government; hence they contributed a little in mobilizing people during the sit-ins. | |
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| Keywords: | English Print Media, Framing, Long Marches, Political Reality | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)06 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)06 | |
| Page Nos: | 61-71 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 6 | |
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Importance of Employee Engagement at Workplace: Literature Review and Future Directions |
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| Abstract: | The present review article highlights noticeable aspects of employee engagement at workplace. The primary purpose of the study is to document all possible literature related to employee engagement in an organized manner in this study. For this purpose, researchers carried out detailed analyzes of almost 58 articles spanning over 15 years. Furthermore, various research databases/journals searched and only empirical studies selected for review purpose. On the basis of review of articles, researchers also proposed that in future, more studies should examine the employee engagement levels in organizational settings considering the phenomenon of moral disengagement. | |
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| Keywords: | Effectiveness, Employee Engagement, Human Resource | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)07 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)07 | |
| Page Nos: | 72- 84 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 7 | |
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Youth Unemployment and its Origins: An Analyses of Multan District |
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| Abstract: | Youth unemployment is one of the major problems which the developing countries of the world face. This study is initiated to explore the foremost origins and sequels of youth employment. The analyses rested at primary data collected from 400 respondents within the age group of 15 to 40 years of age. The Binary Logistic Probability Regression is incorporated to explore varied results at the opted variables. After the conclusion of results, it is suggested to improve education within the region to enable the youth to grab available job opportunity, enhance working experience, and therefore be in the category of employed youth. | |
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| Keywords: | Youth Unemployment, Binary Logistic Probability Regression, Multan District | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)08 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)08 | |
| Page Nos: | 85-98 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 8 | |
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The Post World Wars Realities and Pakistan Security Dilemma: an Analysis |
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| Abstract: | The paper examines post-world wars’ developments; ushered with the making of Nation States. Pakistan was one such creation of the changing international order. Pakistan is situated on a strategic locus that is concern of International and Regional powers. The legacy of historical invasions, the Great Game, and the end of the British Empire impacted the National Security of the newly founded nation of Pakistan all along. The comparatively short history of Pakistan is replete with National security turmoil and dilemma. The paper digs out the major factor of International politics that leads to Pakistan’s security dilemma. A mixed research method has been used. Metadata and historical facts have been correlated and conflated, which finds incoherent foreign policy and unstable political order in Pakistan that invited foreign influence on her affairs, consequential to her security dilemma. The paper gives recommendations for coherent and National interest-based foreign policy in the realm of International Relations has a better National Security strategy. | |
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| Keywords: | Pakistan, Post World War, Security Dilemma.Wars Realities | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)09 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)09 | |
| Page Nos: | 99- 113 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 9 | |
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Changing Cultural Patterns with Reference to Modernity: Facts from Public Sector Universities in Punjab, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Culture has a deep influence on all aspects of human behavior. The impact of culture may be delicate or marked, direct or leaning, stable or temporary. It is so tangled with all aspects of human survival that it is frequently difficult to define how and in which ways its influence is manifested. Culture patterns are occurring due to educated youth as drastic social transformation under Western influence. The role of modernity in culture among youth is bringing several changes. Therefore, the current study is helpful for evaluating the effects of Modernity among educated youth of universities in Punjab, Pakistan .The study hypothesized that modernity has a positive relationship with cultural change. For achieving the objectives and testing hypothesis, researcher used quantitative researcher approach and conducted survey among the students using cross sectional survey design. Two stage probability sampling technique was used and a total of 420 students were selected using stratified sampling technique and simple random sampling technique respectively. However, both modernity and cultural change had been found higher among younger. it is recommended to take necessary steps to increase the benefits of modernity and cultural change and decrease negative consequences of modernity. | |
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| Keywords: | Cultural Hegemony, Globalization, Modernity, Modernization Westernization | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)10 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)10 | |
| Page Nos: | 114-123 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 10 | |
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Social Sciences and Islamic Pedagogy: Assessing Teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge in the Universities of Sindh, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The paper examined the Pedagogical knowledge (PK) and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of teachers in the public sector universities of Sindh province of Pakistan. Based on the descriptive and a quantitative approach, this research paper looked into the perceptions of teachers and students enrolled in B.Ed. (Hons) elementary program in the universities. It was also found that teachers and students had varying and contradictory views that teachers use systematic planning for teaching, developing lesson plans for various topics and using appropriate teaching methodology. The teachers reported to have used systematic planning during delivery of their important topics which they claimed had sufficient knowledge, while the students were not in favour of those views. It was found many of the teachers overestimated their abilities and knowledge of their subjects. It is concluded that the majority of teachers possessed Pedagogical Knowledge but lacked Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) | |
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| Keywords: | B. Ed (Hons) Elementary, Pedagogical Content, Knowledge (PCK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Religious Knowledge, Social Sciences | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)11 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)11 | |
| Page Nos: | 124-138 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 11 | |
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Cognitive Migration in Pakistani Fiction: A Postcolonial Study |
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| Abstract: | Cognitive Migration in person can precede the migration in person and the writer employ their imagination for this purpose. This phenomenon has acquired unprecedented import because of migrations frequency and concentration of migrants on the borders of the rich countries. The migrants are in an effort to find easy doors of entry and are fascinated by the prospects of greener pastures of lands. This enhanced migrant phenomenon necessitates the enquiry as to how much the characters portrayed by the Pakistani postcolonial writers undergo a cognitive migration even before migrating to the land of their desire. The researcher has read the selected chunks of the Hamid’s Exit West as it is the latest imaginative work on Migration but with a more cognitive aspect in it. The selected passages have been analyzed under the lens proposed by Kyle in his recently published essay. The Analysis has indicated that most of the migrants undergo cognitive migration before they actually migrate to their destinations. | |
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| Keywords: | Cognitive Migration, Postcolonialism, Westernism, Globalization | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)12 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)12 | |
| Page Nos: | 139-146 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 12 | |
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Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and Conspiracy Belief on Psychological Distress in University Students |
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| Abstract: | The present study aimed to investigate how conspiracy beliefs convince people to believe unreal stories leading to psychological distress. An online survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The researchers adopted A generic conspiracist beliefs scale (GCBS) by Brotherton et al. (2013), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995), The Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) by Templer (1970), and self-made questionnaire. Six hundred and sixty-four university students have participated in this study. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The major findings of this study reveal that participants believe in a different conspiracy rather than scientific reasoning about COVID-19 such as it is laboratory accident (71%), bioweapon (76%), and elites’ strategy for business (68%). Participants' level of conspiracy belief M = (M = 3.892) leads to psychological distress among them. It is recommended that sound rationality, flawless communication, and awareness strategies must be implemented to dispel propaganda and conspiracies about COVID-19. | |
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| Keywords: | Conspiracy Belief, COVID-19, Death anxiety, Psychological Distress, University Students | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)13 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)13 | |
| Page Nos: | 147-159 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 13 | |
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Social Media Use and Infodemic Perception of Adults during Covid-19 |
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| Abstract: | Given research study was aimed to explore the influence of social media use on the Infodemic perception of adults ‘during COVID-19 in Lahore. 260 students and professionals participants were selected for the research out of which 87 were males and 172 were females from different government and private colleges and universities of Lahore. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21) software was used to analyze data in the form descriptive frequency and standard deviation. Relationship between Instagram use and social interaction, personal identity, entrainment and quality of information about Covid-19 were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation analysis. Results revealed significant relationship between Instagram use and social aspects and the hypothesis of correlation between Instagram use and social interaction, individual identity, diverse behavior, entertainment trends and updates of Covid-19 was approved as value of correlation alpha for all relation was significant (p<0.01). | |
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| Keywords: | Adults, COVID-19, Infodemic Perception, Instagram Users, Social Media | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)14 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)14 | |
| Page Nos: | 160-173 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 14 | |
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Qualitative Job Insecurity and its Impact on Innovative Work Performance and Subjective Well-being: A Serial Mediation Mode |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of qualitative job insecurity on employee innovative work performance and the mediating role of subjective well-being and psychological contract breach in this relationship. The study used the positivist paradigm, cross-sectional research design, and a self-administered structured questionnaire to collect the data from 282-IT professionals working in different software houses of Pakistan. Analysis through the structural equation modeling technique revealed a positive and significant relationship between qualitative job insecurity and employee innovative work performance. Furthermore, the analysis also proved that qualitative job insecurity not only directly affects the innovative work performance, but the sequential-mediation mechanism also exists. The study adds value to the existing literature on job insecurity by considering the ignored causal link between qualitative job insecurity and employee innovative work performance by incorporating the psychological contract breach and subjective well-being as explanatory mechanisms. The study also provides empirical contributions for employers of the IT sector of Pakistan by studying the qualitative aspect of job insecurity, which is more prevalent, and to devise their job security practices. | |
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| Keywords: | Innovative Work Performance, Psychological Contract Breach, Qualitative Job Insecurity, Serial Mediation, Subjective Well-Being | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)15 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)15 | |
| Page Nos: | 174-189 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 15 | |
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Analyzing Fear of Terrorism in Pakistan: A Review |
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| Abstract: | Terrorism disturbs social integration by creating fear for people of becoming victims of its harmful results. People who exposed to violent conditions and poor socioeconomic conditions relatively develop feelings of anxiety and frustration, and risk of becoming potential victims on social, physical and emotional grounds. After 9/11, with world, Pakistan has observed sporadic series of terrorism and violent extremist bouts which have been analyzed arising from disorderly conditions on political, social, religious and economic levels. Vulnerability of becoming victim of terrorism has equally developed which has deeply affected the emotional response of people to a greater extent. How people perceive the threat of terrorism has not been studied in the Pakistani context on theoretical and methodological levels. It is expected that understanding of this problem will provide better insights for people, policymakers and academicians to devise effective polices for creating chances of peace and healthy environment. | |
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| Keywords: | Fear, Gender, Social Media, Terrorism, Vulnerability | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)16 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)16 | |
| Page Nos: | 190-203 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 16 | |
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The Demographic Determinants and Water Conserving Attitude of Households at Katchi Abadis of Lahore, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Water resources are exhausting around the world owing to abundant issues like massive population, and the unconcerned behaviour of people. The majority of people have an inadequate supply of water in Pakistan. Against the backdrop of such a situation, this study examines how demographic determinants impact the attitude of people to conserve water at slum households in Lahore. Precisely, the study attempts to elucidate how the difference in marital status, occupation, family size, residential type impacts the attitude of people towards water conservation. A sample of 200 respondents was selected through a convenient sampling technique for data collection from a field survey. A significant difference was found between income, marital status, size of houses, and attitude, while no difference was enlisted between attitude, occupation, and size of the family. There should be a proper water policy by the government with a major emphasis on conservation and sustainability. All people should take significant steps to save water in day-to-day water practices like hand washing, soap application by turning off the water taps. Public awareness programs on how to save water should be planned. | |
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| Keywords: | Attitude Determinants, Households, Katchi Abadis, Water Conservation | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)17 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)17 | |
| Page Nos: | 204-217 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 17 | |
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Power Sharing in Pakistan: A Failed Experience from 1988-1999 |
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| Abstract: | The present study focuses on the democratic experience of Pakistan under a female Prime Minister and a leader from the largest province. The crash of Zia ul Haq’s plane marked the beginning of a new era and after a long time the dawn of democracy dawned and establishment announced the restoration of democracy in the state. Even though, it had already lifted martial law in 1985 but still the system was running under Zia. A long decade of dictatorship rule had badly affected the beauty of democracy. A new period started with the expectation that it would give rise to affluence and stability in the system of government, but it did not meet the standards of the people and the system was not allowed to grow in a democratic way. The study concludes with the observation that undemocratic behavior and practices failed the power sharing in Pakistan’s political system. | |
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| Keywords: | Benazir Bhutto, Democracy, Democratization, Martial Law, Nawaz Sharif | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)18 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)18 | |
| Page Nos: | 218-230 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 18 | |
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Impact of Promotional Tools on Consumer Buying Decisions in Online Purchasing |
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| Abstract: | For several years, people are more associated with online shopping because it was more comfortable as compared to brick-and-mortar retailers. It can save a lot of time and enabling the process of business to consumer where the user searches the required products, brands, or items. The convenience of E-shopping provides a valid payment method for completion of the transaction, which enabled access 24/7. The aim of this study to signifies the impact of eight independent variables like TV advertising, social media advertising, online coupons, buy one get one free, online special discounts,promotional campaigns, word of mouth, and free delivery. By analyzing this comprehensive study on SPSS that was conducted through questionnaires from the different sectors of the people. In the data collection survey, 330 respondents give feedback to the 29 questionnaire form, which was more analyzed from the SPSS tools. From the result analysis that TV advertisement is not playing any role in the mode of online shopping, but other promotional tools have a significant impact on E-shopping. | |
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| Keywords: | Consumer Behavior, E-Shopping, Free Delivery, Online Purchasing, TV Advertisement | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)19 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)19 | |
| Page Nos: | 231-249 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 19 | |
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Violence Against Women in Pakistan: Analysis of Print Media Reports during the years of 2015 and 2016 in Sindh Province of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | In the male-dominated society, violence against women becomes a reality. This paper analyses the cases of 858 violent crimes reported in the Sindhi daily newspapers during the years of 2015 and 2016 in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The reports analysed by using content analysis procedure found there were 199 cases of abduction, 157 of honour killing, 228 of murder, 108 of rape and 166 of suicides. In the reported cases women was a victim, and almost in the 50% of the cases the husbands was perpetrator who used firearm weapon to carry their acts. The motives behind honour killings and murders were domestic conflicts and suspicion of illicit relationships of women with men, while for the kidnapping/abduction, land disputes and matrimonial issues remained significant. Women being victims deserve serious attention to protect from such violence by having effective policies especially in the rural areas of Sindh and Pakistan | |
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| Keywords: | Gender Based Violence, Pakistan, Print Media, Rural Society, Sindhi Newspaper, Sociological Analysis | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)20 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)20 | |
| Page Nos: | 250-264 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 20 | |
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A Critical Reflection on the Complex Nexus of Ideology, Power and Curricula in Pakistani Schools |
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| Abstract: | The present study is a critical reflection on the complex nexus of ideology, power and curricula in the selected textbooks of Islamiaat in Pakistani schools and their impact on receivers’ cognitive and ideological worldview. The study has used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Van Dijk as a principal methodological strategy in order to offer a close critical analysis of Islamiaat text books of the Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) for grades 8, 9 and 10. Informed by the broader epistemological debates about the multilayered and context-bound nature of curriculum, the analysis focuses on the role of syllabi in shaping the mindset of individual learners by simultaneously considering the crucial role of teachers and their pedagogical protocol in imparting the sensitive and complex aspects of Islamic history and Shariah including Jihad and Qital. In the wake of the contemporary stereotyping of Muslims as extremist, the article has also looked into the rationale behind the selection of such content for the high school students which may contribute to the rise of extremism in Pakistani society. The article concludes by proposing a broad-based and comprehensive educational policy in dealing with the serious problem of extremism, hence offering a more heuristic view of how a research in the domain of educational pedagogy can transform Pakistani society in the long run. | |
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| Keywords: | Cognitive Structures, Curricula, Discourse Analysis, Extremism, Pedagogy | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)21 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)21 | |
| Page Nos: | 265-277 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 21 | |
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The Role of Intuition in the Acquisition of Complex Structures |
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| Abstract: | The present study to investigate the role of intuition in the acquisition of English sentences. The comprehension of complex sentences demands greater cognitive involvement and intuition plays a significant role in this regards. Fifty (50)non-native speakers of English (university students at M. Phil level) were randomly selected for data collection. A grammatical judgment test was conducted to gauge the grammatical knowledge of the participants. Following the grammatical judgment test, the participants were asked to explain their grammatical judgment employed in the grammatical judgment test through open ended questions. The findings of the study show that the grammatical knowledge of the participants was intuitive. In complex structure their grammatically was found more intuitive in nature as compared to simple structures. They could not explain some of the correct and incorrect grammatical judgment thereby indicating that what they could not explain was evidence of their intuitive knowledge. This type of intuitive knowledge is similar in nature to the native speakers’ knowledge of their language. | |
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| Keywords: | First Language Acquisition, Grammatical Judgment, Intuition, Second Language Acquisition | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)22 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)22 | |
| Page Nos: | 278-290 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 22 | |
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US Media’s Agenda-Setting: Analysis of Editorial Presentations of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The present research aims to identify the agenda items that are used by US newspapers in Pakistan. Fifteen agenda items were selected through an extensive review of literature. To delimit the population only editorials, having the word Pakistan in the initial sentences were selected for analysis. Every sentence of the editorial was taken as the unit of analysis. Quantitative content analysis of the editorials was conducted for identification of agendas and their relation to different propaganda items. It was observed that “terrorism” was the most repeatedly used agenda item for Pakistan in both the US newspapers. It was also observed that the agenda of “terrorism” was most often discussed in the context of “transfer negative” propaganda technique. The results showed that the agenda setting role of US newspapers is not favorable towards Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Agenda-Setting, Name-calling., Propaganda Technique, Terrorism, Transfer Negative | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)23 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)23 | |
| Page Nos: | 291-304 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 23 | |
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Personality Traits, Organizational Politics, and Job satisfaction in Engineers: Mediating Role of Leadership |
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| Abstract: | The present study investigated the mediating role of leadership with personality traits, organizational politics and job satisfaction in engineers. With a cross-sectional correlational research design, this study recruited a sample of (N=180) engineers from both public and private sector through convenient sampling technique. By employing Big Five Inventory Preceived Organizational Politics Scale The Implementation Leadership Scale and Generic Job Satisfaction Scale, sample was assessed for the study variables. Results were generated through SPSS that revealed a significant positive relationship among personality traits, organizational politics, leadership and job satisfaction except for neuroticism. Moreover, leadership proved to significantly mediate between personality traits, organizational politics, leadership and job satisfaction. These findings will add up to the empirical research scholarship and will give future researchers a direction while they will be eeploringthe role of leadership in organizational settings. Moreover, organizations can als benefit from its findings by becoming more mindful of the fact how much leaders play a pivotal role in the progress of workplace, thus enhancing an overall efficiency and productivity. | |
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| Keywords: | Job Satisfaction, Engineers, Personality Traits, Leadership, Organizational Politics | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)24 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)24 | |
| Page Nos: | 305-313 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 24 | |
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War as an Instrument of Political Policy: Clausewitzian Analysis of Operation Zarb-E-Azb |
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| Abstract: | The article examines C.V. Clausewitz’s view of War as an instrument of political policy, and its viability as a model criterion to evaluate modern military operations like Operation Zarb-e- Azb.The significance of Clausewitz’s theory lies in its practicability. Through juxtaposing Clausewitzian views and the facts from the field of warthe level of compatibility has been traced. The study has provided substantialevidence to conclude that Operation Zarb-e-Azb has been initiated and concluded in accordance with Clausewitzian view, and that, it can also be followedas an approach to study and evaluate other similar military operations. | |
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| Keywords: | Clausewitz, Instrument, Militants, Operation Zarb-e-Azb | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)25 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)25 | |
| Page Nos: | 314-328 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 25 | |
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Examining the Effect of Knowledge-based Training and Development on Employee Innovative Behavior: A Practices-resources-uses-performance Linkage |
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| Abstract: | Based on RBV and KBV, Knowledge-based training and development is potential practice for enhancing skills of employees in organizations. In this regard, current study is conducted with an aim to analyze linkage such as practice-resource-uses- performance, in which knowledge-based training and development (practice) impacts on human capital (resource), individual absorptive capacity (uses) and employee innovative behavior (performance).Data was collected through 149 faculty members of Islamabad and Rawalpindi universities (public and private). The statistical tools used for data analysis were SPSS Version -24 and Smart PLS 3.2.7. The sequential mediation was also analyzed to comprehend this linkage. Results show that Knowledge-based training and development enhances human capital which improves individual absorptive capacity and ultimately impact on employee innovative behavior positively. Based on significance of study, it is recommended to examine other knowledge-based HR practices for highlighting their importance in relation to employee’s innovative behavior through Practice-resource-uses-performance linkage. Further, this model should also be applied in other service industries like tourism and telecom for generalizability of results. | |
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| Keywords: | Employee Innovative Behavior, Human Capital, Individual Absorptive Capacity, Knowledge-Based Training and Development | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)26 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)26 | |
| Page Nos: | 329-347 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 26 | |
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Countering Terrorism: Constitutional and Legal Framework (A Critical Appraisal of Judicial Strategies of Pakistan) |
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| Abstract: | Pakistan is immensely affected country of terrorism after 9/11. To curb this menace, legislative measures were adopted. However, after the Peshawar Army Public School attack in 2015, the Parliament amended the Constitution through 21st constitutional amendment and authorised the Military Courts to try the alleged civilian terrorists. But, it is alleged by international human rights activists that empowering the Military Courts in Pakistan amounted to a violation of international human rights obligations. It is also contended that Pakistan has ratified ICCPR and Article 14 of the Covenant guarantees fair trial of every person by a competent, independent and impartial court or tribunal and trial of civilians by Military Courts is a violation of such right. It is grund norm of the criminal justice system that the legal protection and procedural safeguards of every person must be defended even in the midst of the war against terrorism. This research critically analyses the scope of Military Courts over alleged civilian terrorists in the purview of constitutional judicial structure of Pakistan in connection with international human rights regime. | |
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| Keywords: | Human Rights, Military Courts, Model Courts, Speedy Justice, Terrorism | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)27 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)27 | |
| Page Nos: | 348-361 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 27 | |
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The Impact of Digital Storytelling on Speaking Skill of Intermediate Level EFL Students in District Mansehra |
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| Abstract: | In the wake of globalization and the growing importance of English as a lingua franca, greater emphasis is placed on English learning. Various techniques are employed to enhance ESL learners' proficiency in the four language skills. Speaking English is often prioritized, and different pedagogical strategies are used to support ESL learners speak English effectively. One recent technique is Digital Story Telling (DST). The following study explores DST's effectiveness as it is used with intermediate level ESL learners in the district of Mansehra, Pakistan. Using convenient random sampling, this experimental study aims to gauge how DST makes a difference in EFL learners' speaking skills. The study reveals that DST stands out as an innovative, effective teaching strategy that enhances ESL learners' interest in speaking English. It successfully keeps the students' attention span towards teaching longer than other more traditional strategies. Findings suggest that stories be selected commensurate with the students' proficiency level and interest; that digital gadgets be used effectively to engage ESL learners. | |
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| Keywords: | Digital Storytelling, EFL, Teaching Techniques, Intermediate Level, Speaking Skill | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)28 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)28 | |
| Page Nos: | 362-379 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 28 | |
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A Historical Account of Sectarianism in Pakistan and Persecution of Shia Hazara Community of Quetta in Balochistan |
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| Abstract: | Pakistan represents a society which is plural in nature with different ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic identities. Since its inception Pakistan has been facing a number of issues but the issue to manage various religious and ethnic minorities emerged as more significant and intricate one. After independence ruling authority started to assert Islam in such a way that religious minorities started to feel themselves insecure in Pakistan. Shia Hazara community is also one among those religious minorities which have been facing various sectarian conflicting situations. The main objective of this paper is to explain comprehensive historical account of sectarianism in Pakistan and reasons of persecution of Shia Hazara community of Quetta. This article is a constructive addition in the existing knowledge related to sectarianism and its impact on society of Pakistan. Researcher has conducted this research by using the historical and descriptive research methods to analyze the issue and to draw a conclusion. | |
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| Keywords: | Persecution Plural, Religious Minorities, Sectarian Conflicts | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)29 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)29 | |
| Page Nos: | 380-392 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 29 | |
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A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Statements‘ Under Control’ to the ‘Declaration of the War’: An Insight into Donald Trump’s Covid-19Political Rhetoric |
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| Abstract: | The Novel Coronavirus, or Covid-19 has been creating a chaotic, distressed, frustrating and turbulent situation around the globe ever since its emergence in China in December 2019. The moment it emerged, there also appeared various conspiracy theories in the surroundings which started initially from the U.S. President Donald Trump. Trumps’ political ideology has been creating severe and devastating effects everywhere in the U.S in multiple fronts in the past too.. His political stance—while blaming China, the Democrats, and news agencies—has badly affected the U.S. citizens who were living without any precautionary measures under the Trump’s illusion of ‘under control’ till he made the announcement that it had to be dealt like a war. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) considers political discourse to be a certain political agenda as per Van Dijk’s perspective. Trump has been noticed more worried about the upcoming elections than the careful dealing with the pandemic. In the same political dialectics, this study explores and explains several ideological aspects which Mr. Trump made use of in order to maintain an upper hand in terms of politics via employing Van Dijk’s model of political discourse. | |
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| Keywords: | CDA, Coronavirus, Donald Trump, False and Misleading Claims, Political Discourse | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)30 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)30 | |
| Page Nos: | 393-401 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 30 | |
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Role of Technical Education and Vocational Training in Promoting Youth Employment: A Case study of TEVT Institutes in District Gujranwala |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was assessing the role of Technical Education and Vocational Training in promoting Youth employment. The study sample comprised of 20 staff members and 160 passed out trainees (both male and female) of four TEVT institutes of District Gujranwala. Systematic random sampling was used to take sample. Quantitative research approach was used to gather information from respondents. To collect data two different interview schedules were designed, first for the passed out trainees and other for the staff members. Study findings clearly demonstrated that Technical Education and Vocational Training had played a dynamic role in income generating activities for youth and increasing the employment rate. It was found that majority of passed out trainees were obtaining money by utilizing their vocational skills. By providing economic opportunities for youth, overall progress of the country can also be guaranteed. So, it is recommended to launch awareness campaigns for the grass-root acceptance of vocational and skill training. It is also needed to motivate families to send their children in vocational training institutes to learn skills. Financial assistance through soft loans/micro credit schemes, by government and NGOs should be given to skilled youth to encourage them to be self-employed. | |
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| Keywords: | Skill Based Training, Socio-Economic Well-Being, TEVT, Youth Employment | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)31 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)31 | |
| Page Nos: | 402-413 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 31 | |
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Beyond the Binary of the Religious and the Secular: Mobility-shaped Agency of Muslim Women in Kamila Shamsie’s Fiction |
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| Abstract: | Despite plethora of feminist research on Muslim women in Pakistan, mobility as an intersectional factor in the formation of their agency and its cultural impact has lacked the focus of scholarship – and, this lack of focus is especially glaring in literary criticism of Pakistani English literature. With the aim to analyze the impact of mobility in shaping Muslim women’s agency in their performative creation of a third-space in relation to the traditional concept of modesty (sharmand haya), this article examines the female protagonists of Kamila Shamsie’s novels Broken Verses (2005) and Salt and Saffron (2000).It argues that mobility enables Muslim women to reposition themselves against and redefine the traditional understandings of modesty without affiliating themselves with secularist or conservative religious standpoints. This article invites attention of the academia to study mobile Muslim women’s subjectivity from the standpoint of the performatively created third-space which is shaped by mobility. | |
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| Keywords: | Agency, Kamila ShamsieMobility, Muslim Women, Performativity, Third-Space | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)32 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)32 | |
| Page Nos: | 414-424 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 32 | |
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An Overview and Evaluation of Written Corrective Feedback in L2 Writing |
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| Abstract: | This article endeavors to revisit the notion of written corrective feedback (WFC) and its effectiveness in language classroom. There are diverse theories in this regard, some are in favour and other are against. In pedagogical perspective, to hone and ameliorate students’ writing, teacher’s feedback plays a pivotal role. The teacher ought to consider the learners’ feelings in regard to feedback, so that they are not demotivated rather feel aplomb and vigour to improve their writing. Truscott (1996) puts a question to the practicability of grammar correction as he thinks that WFC can be harmful for students and he also considers it unnecessary and a waste of time. This study endeavors to address the following questions; a) what are the pedagogical responses towards CWF as a pedagogical approach to ameliorate L2 learners’ writing? b) what possible advantages and disadvantages can be identified in WCF? Ferris (1999) negates the notion of Truscott by arguing that WFC should not be renounced as it can help in the improvement of quality of L2 learners’ writing. The study concludes in favour of Ferris’ idea that asserts WCF as a helpful tool to ameliorate second language writing. | |
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| Keywords: | Accuracy, L2 Writing, Pedagogical Practices, Second Language, Written Corrective Feedback | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)33 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)33 | |
| Page Nos: | 425-441 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 33 | |
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Judicial Efficiency and Firms Growth: Evidence from Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The current study aims to examine the effect of judicial efficiency on firm growth. The study has used a sample of 215 listed firms from non-financial sector of Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2019. The study has used panel data analysis for estimation of results, where, the Hausman test support fixed effect better modeled the data. The results of the study showed that judicial inefficiency is inversely related with growth of firms. Such that increase in judicial inefficiency in a particular district court, lower the growth rates of firms operating in that district. In addition, board size, board independence, firm size, leverage and ROA are inversely related with firm growth. On the other side independent audit committee is directly related with firm growth. Shareholders and managers of firms, government as a borrower and as a regulator can take benefit of the results of the study. | |
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| Keywords: | Agency Problem, Firm Growth, Judicial Efficiency, Pakistan Firms | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)34 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)34 | |
| Page Nos: | 442-455 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 34 | |
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Examining Islamic Religiosity and Youth Perception towards Socio-Economic and Cultural Impact of Tourism Development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This research aimed to investigate the impact of youth’s “Islamic Religiosity” on the “Socio Economic and Cultural Impacts of Tourism Development” in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan which is one of the most attractive areas in the world for tourists. The study used “Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)” technique for empirical investigation. Micro data from 355 undergraduate and post graduate students from the three campuses (Gilgit, Hunza and Ghizer) of Karakoram International University was collected using random sampling method. The results of the study explicate that higher religiosity level of youth in the study area has a significant positive impact on tourism development. The study provides implications for tourism developers and other stakeholders to design tourism development policies in the light of youth perceptions, so that rapid and sustained economic development in the region can be achieved. | |
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| Keywords: | Cultural Factors, Gilgit-Baltistan; Islamic Religiosity, Socio-economic Factors, Tourism Development | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)35 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)35 | |
| Page Nos: | 456-476 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 35 | |
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Critical Analysis of Medical Malpractice Laws in Pakistan: An Expedition from Enactment to Opulent Enforcement |
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| Abstract: | This paper aims to explicate that despite of legislative frameworks why medical malpractice is still rampant. The object of the study is to determine the question of jurisdiction of tribunals and courts pertaining to this felony and explains how effective mechanisms can be evolved for the proper enforcement of laws. The rationale of the study is to suggest that an exclusive and viable law on the subject must be enacted which shall conclusively lays down the parameter for determining the rights obligation and liabilities of all the stakeholders including healthcare providers and patients to uphold and implement the hopes trust and confidence associated with medical profession. The Research methodology involving qualitative, descriptive, analytical empirical and applied methods based on the rationale of the study. This research has highlighted some grey areas in the legislative and implementation mechanisms which are condition precedent for opulent implementation of laws. | |
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| Keywords: | Healthcare Provider, Infrastructure, Liability, Medical Malpractice, Negligence | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)36 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)36 | |
| Page Nos: | 471-481 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 36 | |
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Judicial Appointments in the Historical Context: From 1947-2005 |
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| Abstract: | The study aims to analyze the importance of the procedure of appointment of judges to the superior Courts. The stated article explains the various phases of appointments by providing its historical context. The literature review has shown the impact of civilian and martial law regimes on the constitutional method of appointments of judges. In Pakistan, Judiciary plays the role of a custodian of the Constitution by exercising the power of judicial review. The method for appointment of judges always remained a controversial issue in Pakistan. The descriptive analytical method in the paper is adopted to show that there was a continuous struggle between executive and judiciary to have an upper hand in the appointment of judges. The selection of judges is considered an indispensable element in the independence of judiciary. For this reason two important Constitutional amendments (18th & 19th) were made to adopt a more democratic procedure for the appointment of Judges. | |
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| Keywords: | Appointment, Constitution, Independence of Judiciary Superior Courts | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)37 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)37 | |
| Page Nos: | 482-490 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 37 | |
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Expert System for the Identification of Review Papers Using Ensemble Learning |
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| Abstract: | Creating an effective classifier in the presence of imbalanced data is a challenging task. The objective of this work was to apply machine learning technique to automatically identify review articles given the imbalance representation of publications types in publications. As a contribution in that direction; we develop a hybrid ensemble algorithm, called Balanced MultiBoost (BMB). The presented algorithm provides an efficient alternative to existing algorithms, by combines the strengths of Multiboost ensemble with the sampling technique. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMB, we compared its performance with five existing algorithms, based on established metrics, precision, recall, F1-measure and AUC-ROC. For the comparison, we used two customized datasets extracted from Medline citations database. These datasets contain 19,299 examples for 2005 and 19,200 examples for 2006 with imbalance ratio 1:6 and 1:7, respectively. The results show, BMB is a powerful ensemble solution for identifying minority examples in a text corpus. | |
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| Keywords: | Class Imbalance Learning, Ensemble Learning, Expert System, Machine Learning Medline Abstract Classification, Performance Evaluation | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)38 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)38 | |
| Page Nos: | 491-504 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 38 | |
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Afghan Peace Process: Prospects and Challenges |
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| Abstract: | This research paper highlights the prospects and challenges in the ongoing peace efforts. America has taken the most important step to end the longest war in the history of America. America and the Taliban have signed the historic Peace Accord on 29 February 2020 in the capital city of Qatar. This time America decided to talk with the Taliban leaders directly without the presence of the Afghan government. All the world and regional actors welcomed the American move to talk with the Taliban and called this agreement a historic milestone in the history of Afghanistan. The people of Afghanistan are hopeful that peace in Afghanistan is not far away. Neighboring states Pakistan, India, Iran, China and Russia welcomed this Peace Process and determined to support the people of Afghanistan. These efforts for peace are encouraged and supported from everywhere but spoilers are also working to implement their agenda. | |
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| Keywords: | Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Peace Process, Taliban | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)39 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)39 | |
| Page Nos: | 505-515 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 39 | |
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Revisiting the Nexus Between Intellectual Capital and Performance of BRICS Financial Sector |
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| Abstract: | The study tends to evaluate the intellectual capital (IC) performance of BRICS’ banks over the period of 2010 to 2014 using the Value-Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC™) typology developed by Ante Pulic (1998, 2000). A micro panel data on IC, ROA, EPS and VA growth was calculated from consolidated annual reports of 29 publically listed banks. They result of the study shed light that in all banks human capital efficiency is an important determinant for measuring the IC performance of banks compare to structural and physical capital efficiency. In addition, this study also ranks the banks based on VAIC™ and VA performance. In case of empirical results of the study, it explains a positive and significant relationship of human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency (SCE) with VA growth whereas capital employed efficiency is not significantly related with VA growth. Moreover, results of the study found a positive and significant connection between VAIC™ and VA growth. However, this study fails to find any significant relationship of ROA and EPS with IC. Hence, this study is novel attempt in context of BRICS banking sector which implies that VAIC™ is the most robust methodology for evaluating the IC performance and its relationship with VA growth. Future research is required on large scale longitudinal data using panel data analysis in order to expand its generalizability. | |
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| Keywords: | BRICS, Banks Intellectual Capital, Profitability, Value Added Growth | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)40 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)40 | |
| Page Nos: | 516-534 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 40 | |
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Effectiveness of Teacher’s Induction Program featured with Preloaded Customized Tablets for the Improvement of Science Teachers’ Perception and Pedagogical Content Knowledge in KPK, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Science teacher’s pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is very much essential for the student’s learning. This study aimed to explore the effect of induction program on newly inducted science teacher’s perception, pedagogical content knowledge and practices. This study was descriptive and survey method was used for it. Thirty chemistry teachers were selected randomly from Peshawar. Out of these, fifteen newly appointed chemistry teachers were using customized tablets for teaching whereas the other fifteen chemistry teacher did not use customized tablets for chemistry teaching. Two different types of research tools were used to get an insight into teachers’ perception and pedagogical content knowledge. A major difference was found regarding perceptions of teachers, pedagogical content knowledge. The teachers using customized tablets were found to have more pedagogical and content knowledge understanding as compared to others. It is recommended to provide customized tablets to science teachers as a regular feature of their training. | |
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| Keywords: | Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Science Teaching and Learning, Teacher’s Perception | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)41 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)41 | |
| Page Nos: | 535-547 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 41 | |
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Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction among HEI Faculty Members: Moderating Role of Supervisor Support |
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| Abstract: | The present study aimed at examining the impact of work-family conflict on job satisfaction with the moderating role of supervisor’s support. Data were collected using survey technique. Participants (N=375) were permanent faculty members of eight higher education commission approved universities in Islamabad. Moderated regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses, work-family conflict has been found negatively associated with job satisfaction and supervisor support has been positively associated with job satisfaction. Moderated regression analyses indicated buffering role of supervisor’s support in the relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction. Findings of present study may be applied in higher education commission institutions. Future research may be conducted to investigate moderating role of organizational support and family support in predicting job satisfaction and turnover intention. | |
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| Keywords: | Job Satisfaction, Supervisor’s Support, Work-Family Conflict | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)42 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)42 | |
| Page Nos: | 548-563 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 42 | |
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Human Resource Management in Industrial Revolution 4.O |
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| Abstract: | The study highlights the influence of Fourth Industrial Revolution in HRM (Human Resource Management). To find the effect of Fourth Industrial Revolution on HRM functions such as Induction, training and development, recruitment and selection, performance management a quantitative approach was adopted where an online survey through questionnaire was conducted to highlight the views of HR professionals regarding Industry 4 impact on their organizations. The data was collected by HR experts working in different organizations having different experiences and working in different sectors. SPSS was used to analyze the study. The findings of this paper are organizations are incorporating Industry 4.0 components to make their HR functions more efficient and quicker. Direct impact on Industry 4 using Big data and artificial intelligence is foreseen in HR practice | |
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| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, HR Analytics, Management, Industrial Revolution 4.0, Recruitment, Technological Advancement | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)43 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)43 | |
| Page Nos: | 564-580 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 43 | |
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Perceived Applicability of Educational Management Information System [EMIS] in Secondary Schools using the TOE Framework |
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| Abstract: | The utility of information communication technologies [ICTs] in educational planning and management has rapidly increased due to its efficiency and effectiveness. This descriptive study is, therefore, mainly focused on comprehensive analysis of the applicability of EMIS in secondary schools in fulfilling its objectives as perceived by head teachers, using the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework as a guideline. A self-developed questionnaire was designed on a 5-point scale, comprising five factors with 37 close-ended items, was administered to head teachers, all 1704 secondary school head teachers’ from 11 districts of Southern Punjab constituted population. Four hundred and twenty-six (i.e., 25% of the population) secondary school head teachers (246 male, 180 female), representing both urban and rural areas, were randomly selected using proportionate stratified random sampling technique and 322 participants (76% of sample) finally responded. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze the data. Results revealed that EMIS was perceived certainly useful to enhance administrative performance of secondary school head teachers. This study, however, recommended for the top and middle level management to provide the required human and financial resources to secondary schools for effective utilization of EMIS data. | |
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| Keywords: | Head Teachers’ Perceptions, Infrastructure for EMIS, Secondary Schools TOE Model, Utilization of Data | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)44 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)44 | |
| Page Nos: | 581-596 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 44 | |
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Regional Variation in Acceptance of Punjab’s Family Planning Programme: A Comparative Analysis of Northern, Central and Southern Regions |
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| Abstract: | This research study is devised to analyze the impacts of those factors which are linked with regions in order to classify and resolve persistent social barriers to the further up-scaling of contraceptive use in the three regions of Punjab. It explores the impacts of three pre-conditions for the use of contraception i.e. readiness, willingness and ability which were recognized in the Coale/ Lesthaeghe framework. Further, in order to regress the use of contraception on these factors, a multilevel logistic model is applied. The sample of 600 women has been taken from six districts of these three regions i.e. North, South and Central Punjab. Results of the analysis depict that there were significant regional variations which can be attributed 50% to the combine effects of Readiness & Willingness. However, Regional variation in Ability has little impact. In all models, the effects of individual factors remain stable after inclusion of regional factors. | |
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| Keywords: | Attitude, Contraceptive Use, Punjab, Regions, Variations | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)45 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)45 | |
| Page Nos: | 597-609 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 45 | |
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Rumination as Predictor of Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Affect among People with Traumatic Amputation in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Researchers have depicted relationship between rumination and other psychological challenges, but rumination has never been examined as predictor of psychological illnesses among people with traumatic amputation. This research examines the possible role of rumination in predicting anxiety, depression, stress, negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) among (N = 200) people with traumatic amputation. Results revealed that rumination significantly predicted depression, anxiety, stress and negative affect (NA), while negative affect was found to mediate between rumination and stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition, the results revealed that the sub-dimensions of rumination, brooding and intrusion positively predicted negative outcomes while the instrumentality positively predicted positive affect. The present study suggests that early intervention in incidences of traumatic amputation might inhibit development of psychological problems. | |
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| Keywords: | Amputees, Anxiety, Negative and Positive Affect, Rumination | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)46 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)46 | |
| Page Nos: | 610-620 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 46 | |
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An Exploration of the Kinds of Teacher Behaviour to address Students’ Language Speaking Anxiety: An Investigation of Pakistani EFL University Students’ Perspectives |
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| Abstract: | Foreign language anxiety researchers and scholars have conducted a sizable body of research, consistently reporting that various aspects of language teachers’ personal and professional demeanour trigger higher levels of speaking anxiety (SA) in a language classroom. However, a far less attention has been paid, in international and particularly in the Pakistani context, to a relevant question that what kinds of teacher behaviour could help alleviate students’ SA. This study aims to fill this gap in research by investigating the perspectives of Pakistani postgraduate non-major English language students about the kinds of teacher behaviour that may reduce SA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 students while a questionnaire was administered to 170 students. The strategy of exploratory content analysis was sued to analyse qualitative data while SPSS was utilised to analyse quantitative data. Findings of our study reveal a number of teacher behaviour that could decrease students’ SA namely, teachers’ personal attributes, providing students with a comfortable classroom environment, considering students’ opinions about the learning process, encouragement by the teachers, teachers’ professional attributes, and teachers’ attitudes towards mistakes. Implications are discussed and recommendations for future studies are offered. | |
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| Keywords: | Anxiety, Far of Negative Evaluation, Foreign Language Anxiety, Speaking Anxiety, Teacher Behavior | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)47 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)47 | |
| Page Nos: | 621-636 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 47 | |
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Continuous Professional Development: Performance of Primary School Teachers |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of primary school teachers (PSTs) under the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) framework. The study was conducted in the district Faisalabad of the Punjab Province. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in combination as a mixed methods approach to solve the research problem. Secondary data of mentoring visit forms (MVF) filled by the District Teacher Educators (DTEs) were analyzed to assess the performance of the PSTs. To get the deep understanding of the problem qualitative data was also collected from the 17 DTEs and 32 PSTs through semi-structured interviews protocols. Both content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The findings of the study reveal that there is no significant improvement in teachers’ performance as a result of mentoring under CPD Framework. The study also revealed that the performance of the teachers remain at the fair state during the start of the academic session and gradually reaches to the good level during the late months of every academic session. | |
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| Keywords: | CPD Framework, Mentoring, Primary Schools, Teachers’ Performance | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)48 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)48 | |
| Page Nos: | 636-649 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 48 | |
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Islamic Work Ethics and Employees’ Turnover Intention: Modeling the Intrinsic Motivation as a Mediator |
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| Abstract: | The rationale behind this study is to examine the impact of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on turnover intention (TI) among employees of commercial banks across Pakistan. Further, this research also explores the mediating role of IM on the association between IWE and TI. Survey design opted was cross-sectional, in order to gather data through a convenience sampling technique. Two hundred and eighty-seven employees of commercial banks participated in the survey. For testing the proposed model we employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in Smart PLS3.0. The findings indicate that IWE has a positive relationship with IM, and IM has a negative relationship with TI. It has also been seen that IM mediates the relationship between IWE and TI. The human resource wing should incorporate IWE principles and standards as part of their plan to achieve exceptional work-related outcomes such as high performance, commitment, and lower TI. Organizations should charily assess the magnitude and type of IWE of employees before employing or promoting them. Furthers, managers take steps to promote IWE principles and standards at the organization. IWE principles and Islamic teaching guide individuals in all areas of life; therefore, managers should teach IWE principles and standards via training sessions to increase the level of IWE in subordinates. | |
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| Keywords: | Intrinsic Motivation and Employees’ Turnover Intention, Islamic Work Ethics | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)49 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)49 | |
| Page Nos: | 650-666 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 49 | |
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Pakistan Relations with Azerbaijan in 21st Century |
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| Abstract: | The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan started after the collapse of USSR. Nagorno-Karabakh is internationally recognized part of Azerbaijan, but since the end of the war between the two countries in 1994, it has been governed by people of Armenian descent. Nagorno-Karabakh had the status of autonomy within Azerbaijan, but later the Azerbaijani parliament abolished this status and the territory was divided between several regions. The Kashmir problem also began after the end of British rule in the area and the establishment of India and Pakistan as sovereign nations. Kashmir also had status of autonomy till 2019 in the Indian constitution. India abolished the autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir, bringing the long-running territorial dispute between Pakistan and India back into the world's spotlight. India wants to create two union territories in former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Uprising in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh that resulted in war between Azerbaijan and Armenia bring the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh in the spotlight of world. Kashmir conflicts and conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh bring the people and leadership of Pakistan and Azerbaijan close to each other and this study has explained the newly developed nature of relations between Pakistan and Azerbaijan. | |
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| Keywords: | Azerbaijan, Kashmir, Nagorno-Karabakh, Pakistan, UNO | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)50 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)50 | |
| Page Nos: | 667-679 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 50 | |
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Framing of International Conflict Victims: Political Proximity vs Religious Proximity |
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| Abstract: | The current research through the lens of proximity model investigated that how victims of international Crisis are being depicted. Either they are being sympathized or distanced from the audience of reporting country. The research investigated two main themes, religious and political proximity. Two political Crisis were examined one in Rohingya and one in China (Uighur). Result of the study indicated that Rohingya Muslim was highly sympathized and Rohingya army is highly brutalized in Pakistani media, on the other hand Uighur Muslim is distanced from the reader and Chinese authorities are not brutalized. The research concluded that Pakistan have strong economical and political relation with china and that could be the proximity which distance the Uighur Muslim for getting sympathetic frame in Pakistani media. On the other hand Rohingya has neutral relation with Pakistan, but the victims of Rohingya Crisis were highly sympthesized because of the religious proximity with Pakistan. Through content analysis the research concluded that political proximity has more power than the religious proximity. | |
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| Keywords: | International Crisis, Political Proximity, Religious Proximity, Victims | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)51 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)51 | |
| Page Nos: | 680-689 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 51 | |
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Depiction of Religion in Hindi and Urdu Drama Serial: A Comparative Analysis |
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| Abstract: | The study investigated Hindi and Urdu drama serials to demonstrate how the religion is being portrayed. The results of this study suggested that religion was never been a main theme in both Hindi and Urdu drama. The findings reveled that Indian dramas are more possessive about the religion and its importance in the human life. Through the content analysis by using the lens of social learning theory the finding concluded that in both the countries the religion is not being presented as main theme however Indian or Hindi dramas serial are found more tilted in depiction of their religion. The story revolves around the family matters by keeping the religion as an important element, but not the main element in the drama serials. Indian dramas are giving their religion (Hinduism) as a priority role in the main story, but we can’t see this in Pakistani dramas. | |
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| Keywords: | Hindi Drama, Religion, Television Urdu Drama | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)52 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)52 | |
| Page Nos: | 690-700 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 52 | |
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Vocational Education Practitioners Learning to Write Reflective Journal through Reflections on their Experiences during theCovid-19 Pandemic |
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| Abstract: | In the vocational education context, typical teaching and learning patterns are getting obsolete, and new innovative methods are being adopted to make the learning process more effective. Among improved methods, reflective practices and reflective journal writing are being adopted frequently for continuous improvement. The practice of reflective journal writing has the potential to change the dynamics of vocational education. Six different types of reflective journal writing are observed and discussed in this research study with the aim to explore the participants’ preferences for a certain type of journal writing in addition to their reflections on teaching experiences during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The participants view reflective practices and reflective journal writing to be major breakthroughs for improving teachers’ self-efficacy as well as for enhancing their roles for the better quality of vocational training delivery. It is argued that the expected benefits of encouraging the culture for writing reflective journals do not only benefit the journal writers, but it can be very useful in providing an agenda for the organization for its continuous improvement. | |
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| Keywords: | Education Sector, Online Training, Reflective Journals, Reflective Practice, Vocational Institutes | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)53 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)53 | |
| Page Nos: | 701-717 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 53 | |
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Marks in English and Parental Pressure at School Level in Mardan, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to explore the levels of Parental Pressure for high Marks in English at secondary level in district Mardan. The research was conducted with a non-experimental quantitative design. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire, with a Likert scale of five choices, which ranged between strongly disagreed and strongly agreed. A total of 384 students from secondary school in the district of Mardan were the sample for this study. The data analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics, i.e., percentage distribution and median scores. The levels of" parental pressure" was analyzed by finding out the mean of percentages for strongly disagree and agree (as low level), neither agree nor disagree (as moderate level) and agree and strongly agree (as high level). The results suggested a high level of parental pressure on the students to get high marks in English, and in contrast, the students have a low ability to achieve the targets. This phenomenon creates mental and psychological problems for the students, leading to their dropout from the school. The study suggested that in order to improve the students’ grades in English and enhance their proficiency, the principals have to inform the parents of the adverse effects of their pressure on students through PTC (Parents' Teachers' Council) meetings. | |
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| Keywords: | Pakistan, Parents' Expectations, Parental Pressure for high Marks, Secondary School, Students Attitude | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)54 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)54 | |
| Page Nos: | 718-731 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 54 | |
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Mediation of Motivation in the Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Job Satisfaction of the School Teachers |
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| Abstract: | Teacher’s motivation and Job satisfaction plays a vital role in their effective teaching which circuitously affects the students’ learning. In addition, literature documents that if teachers are psychological empowered, they possess positive attitude towards their job. Therefore, the study was aimed to examine the mediating role of motivation in the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of the school teachers. Where, psychological empowerment along with four sub variables described by Spreitzer (1995) was taken as the independent variable and job satisfaction is dependent variable.A quantitative survey research design was used to collect the data. Total 317 secondary school teachers were selected through multi stage sampling technique from the three tehsils of Sargodha. Proposed model was test by using structural equation modeling in AMOS v.20. The fit indices depicted that data fit the model well (Fit indices (χ2(normed) = 1.766; CFI = .991; RMSEA = 0.04). Moreover, the path estimates showed that motivation is significantly mediated in the relationship between psychological empowerment, particularly its two sub variables ‘Meaning’ and ‘competence’, and job satisfaction. Thus, the findings showed that when teachers feel psychologically empowered, they become loyal and committed towards their organization and ready to put their best efforts for the betterment of their organization. | |
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| Keywords: | Competence, Meaning, Self-Determination And Impact, Structural Equation Modeling | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)55 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)55 | |
| Page Nos: | 732-745 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 55 | |
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Role of Citizen Participation in Rural Development: A Case Study of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The main objective of the study is to explore the role of citizen participation in rural development in Pakistan. The devolution plan also included the formation of Community Citizen Boards (CCBs). CCBs were mean to generate effective community participation at village level for transparent and efficient decision making, resource utilization and public service delivery. By investigating effects of internal and external factors on functionality of 1,065 Citizen Community Boards (CCBs) from 52 Union Councils (UC) of district Abbottabad, this study indicates that functionality of a CCB is significantly dependent on CCB group size, training, age as well as success of neighboring CCBs. Other factors including topography of a UC, distance of UC from district headquarter, number of CCBs in a UC, turn out in local elections (proxy for trust level on local governance system), contestants on councilor seats in 2005 local body elections (proxy for local political and social activists), type of CCB by gender, ratio of female members in CCB and gender of CCB chairman are not statistically significant on functionality of a CCB | |
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| Keywords: | Citizen Participation, Decentralization, Local Government, Rural Development | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)56 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)56 | |
| Page Nos: | 746-759 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 56 | |
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Institutional Governance and Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence from South Asian Emerging Markets |
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| Abstract: | The current study investigated the effect of institutional governance on foreign direct investment inflows in five South Asian emerging countries for the period of 1996–2017. The results of the Housman’s specification test support the fixed effects model could better fit the data. The estimated results showed that a governance variable such as control of corruption has positive and significant whereas, political stability, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability have a negative and significant impact on foreign direct investments. Moreover, the results of the market size have significant negative, whereas, level of development and trade openness is found to have a significant and positive effect on foreign direct investments. These results have important policy implications for South Asian emerging countries. The results suggest that countries should improve the quality of their business and institutional environment that would create an attraction for foreign investors. | |
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| Keywords: | FDI, Institutional Governance, Panel Data, Rule of Law, South Asia | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)57 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)57 | |
| Page Nos: | 760-774 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 57 | |
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Cultural and Linguistic Constraints: Non-Equivalence and Loss of meanings in Poetry Translation (An analysis of Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s Poetry |
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| Abstract: | The present study aims at exploring Linguistic and Cultural constraints in poetry translations within domain of Translation Studies. This study discusses the stylistic devices and translation strategies employed by a translator in attempt to render the exact equivalent translation of target text (Faiz’s poetry). The researchers propose that in the act of poetry translation, the absence or loss of exact cultural and aesthetic meanings emerge. To this end, six Urdu poems from Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s poetry collection translated by Victor. G. Kiernan into English has been taken to do target linguistic analysis. To foster this argument, the concept of non-equivalence from the field of Translation Studies has been taken to strengthen this notion. The study postulates that how beauty of cultural translated words get loss and resultantly, aesthetic and connotative meanings are changed during the process of translation and untranslatability emerges as a concerned phenomenon, which is the pivotal point of the argument in this study. The study recommended that aesthetic and emotive value of the native language of the writer should maintain its supremacy in the translated version. This research is qualitative in design and is based on textual analysis. In this regard, this study will contribute to the domains of Cultural Translation and Comparative literature. | |
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| Keywords: | Constraints, Cultural Equivalence, Equivalence, Loss of Meanings, Source Text and Target Text, Translation Strategies, Translation Studies, Untranslatability | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)58 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)58 | |
| Page Nos: | 775-788 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 58 | |
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Non-Arborealism in the Post-Modernist Fiction (Summertime and Foe) of John Maxwell Coetzee |
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| Abstract: | This research paper aims at a post-modernist study of Coetzee’s fiction i.e. Summertime and Foe in a rhizomatous frame work. French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and clinical psychoanalyst Felix Guattari have postulated a theory in A Thousand Plateaus (1980) and in Rhizome: Introduction(1976) where they have opposed an arboreal development of plot and characters from the foundation. The present research focuses on scrutiny of the above mentioned theory and its relevance to Coetzee’s fiction. It is avowed in this paper that rhizome like narrative and characters have no unique source un-like a tree from which all the heterogeneous and multiple surface development occurs. The research discusses that the rhizomatous attribute is demonstrated in the story-line of Summertime and Foe as well as the characters. Moreover, the objective of the paper is to explore how the characters are intertextually developed although the characters are non-consanguine yet they are tied by perusal of motifs that slides throughout the novels. This paper will detail various events that portray the characteristics which are propounded by Deleuze and Guattari in their theory. The research is qualitative in design. | |
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| Keywords: | Arboreal Development, Heterogeneous, Intertextuality, Non-Consanguine, Post-Modern, Rhizomatous | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)59 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)59 | |
| Page Nos: | 789-801 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 59 | |
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5th Generation Warfare and Issues of National Integration in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Everything that affects one’s mind against some religion, culture, moral values, state and security forces is called 5th generation war and Pakistan is a victim of it. In terms of Security Alliances, Nuclear Power, and Geo-Strategic location, Pakistan possesses prime importance on the globe. Anti-Pakistan powers, by using 5th generation warfare tools, have concocted various issues for Pakistan’s national integration such as security, terrorism, ethnic issues, and socio-economic problems. Extensive relevant literature was studied while researching into this topic. Plethora of newspapers, periodicals and research papers were read on order augment the research. Interviews of strategic experts and those of the public servant regarding 5th generation warfare were conducted in order to supplement this research with the practical knowledge. This study makes one thing clear that our state needs to be more vigilant and cautious than ever in order to avoid its disintegration in the hands of its foes that are trying their utmost to tarnish state’s image in the eyes of its citizens. | |
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| Keywords: | 5th Generation Warfare, Ideology, National Integration, Pakistan, Security Issues | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)60 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)60 | |
| Page Nos: | 802-814 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 60 | |
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Deep Ecology and the Rhetoric of Critical Dystopia in Piers Torday’s The Last Wild |
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| Abstract: | This paper employs the theoretical framework of Tom Moylan’s concept of Critical Dystopia and the biospheric egalitarian principle of Arne Naess’s Deep ecology philosophy to explore the representation of various environmental injustices in Piers Torday’s The Last Wild. The issues explored include interspecies and intergenerational environmental injustice and the disproportionate distribution of the environmental burdens and benefits between the population of the developed and developing countries. It also studies climate change as a cultural phenomenon resulting from the anthropocentric culture. It exposes score components of climate change such as industrialization, capitalism, and techno centricity that have not only destroyed the natural world but also threatened the survival of the human species. In addition to exposing the destructive tendencies of the anthropocentric worldview, the paper also attempts to highlight the ecotopian vision of deep ecology as a solution for contemporary social and ecological problems. | |
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| Keywords: | Biospherical, Egalitarianism, Critical Dystopia, Deep Ecology, Eco-Dystopia, Environmental Injustice | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)61 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)61 | |
| Page Nos: | 815-828 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 61 | |
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Effects of Principals’ Instructional Leadership on Teaching and Learning Practices: Evidence from Secondary School Teachers at District Rawalpindi |
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| Abstract: | The primary objective of this study is to identify the effects of instructional leadership of principals on teaching and learning practices in secondary schools in Pakistan. The main objective of this study was to highlight the association between instructional leadership factors and teaching learning practices of teachers. The population consisted of teachers of secondary schools of Wah Cantt, Pakistan. The sample of the study comprises 300 teachers, from which 278 teachers responded to the survey. The study design was descriptive in nature, in which cross-sectional survey was conducted. For the selection of sample convenient technique was used. Through a modified and self-developed questionnaire. The data was interpreted through using different tests and statistical techniques like Pearson correlation, regression analysis. The findings discussed keeping in view their theoretical and practical allegations for conducting further research. | |
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| Keywords: | Instructional Leadership, Instructional Practices, Learning Practices, Teaching and Learning | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)62 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)62 | |
| Page Nos: | 829-842 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 62 | |
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Realization of Apologies: An Intercultural Study of Pashto and Saraiki Speaking Undergraduate ESL Learners in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The primary aim of this study is to investigate the strategies that Saraiki and Pashto ESL learners adopted during the accomplishment of speech act of apology. Moreover, such strategies are developed and executed in different manners which truly reflect the influence of the mother tongue and culture on ESL learning. It also highlights the intercultural disposition of second language learners displaying the influence of sociopragmatic norms of mother tongue in their production and comprehension in the target language. Based on the theoretical consideration laid down by Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper, this study sets out to use Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) and semi-structured interviews as data collection means. Purposive sampling has been done and 30 undergraduate Saraiki and Pashto speaking ESL learners participated in this study. Data analysis demonstrates that learners do rely on socio-cultural norms already acquired through their L1, and the same are transferred into the target language learning. It was further revealed that social norms of L1 develop a balanced pragmatic competence during the learning process of the target language. Hence, other aspects related to the speech act of apology can be investigated in future research in different linguistic and cultural settings. | |
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| Keywords: | Apologies, In/Direct Strategies, Pragmatic Competence, Sociocultural Norms, Sociopragmaticnorms, Speech Act | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)63 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)63 | |
| Page Nos: | 843-857 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 63 | |
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Barriers in Enforcement of Traffic Regulations and Risk-Taking Behaviour: A Study of Public Service Vehicle Drivers |
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| Abstract: | The current study explores certain barriers that impede enforcement of traffic regulations. The study analysed risk-taking behaviour of Public Service Vehicle (PSV) drivers working on intercity routes leading to and from Lahore. With qualitative methodology, the data were collected from stakeholders such as PSV drivers, Passengers, traffic personnel, representatives from travel companies, representatives from the organizations related to implementation of traffic regulations and those from rescue services. The data were collected through IDIs and FGDs with the stakeholders. The study pointed out that PSV drivers exhibited responsibility where they experienced enforcement of traffic regulation. Poor enforcement of traffic regulations, poor coordination among line departments, patronage of influential figures, and fatalistic attitude of PSV drivers contributed to the occurrence of RTCs. The study recommends that better use of technology, collaborative safety approach, establishment of integrated forum for the enforcement of traffic regulations, may reduce the occurrence of RTCs. | |
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| Keywords: | Patron Client Relationship, Procedural Justice, PSV Drivers, Traffic Regulations Enforcement, Traffic Violations | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)64 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)64 | |
| Page Nos: | 858-869 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 64 | |
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University Teachers’ Contextual Performance: A Quantitative Analysis of Demographic Variables |
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| Abstract: | The core tenacity of current endeavor was to analyze the contextual performance of teachers of universities on the basis of various demographic variables such as their gender, university, department, faculty and length of service in respective university. Total 311teachers including lecturers and Assistant professors were selected as sample of the study. Out of which 231 teachers were respondents as per 74.27% response rate. To elicit contextual performance of these respondents five point Likert type scale by Koopman (2014) having .85 internal consistencies was administered. A quantitative analysis was conducted using Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson’s correlational coefficient, One Way ANOVA, Independent sample t-test and factor analysis. It was accredited through analysis that overall teachers had average contextual performance. Mean score varied from above average to excellent. Gender based difference was found as female respondents were found to be more inclined to show contextual performance as compared to male respondents. Lecturers were found to be more enthusiastic for their work as compared to Assistant Professors. It is to be recommended that as a successful organization, universities will have to equip their teachers with quality performance indicators by conducting such training workshop they may motivate them to be better performer. | |
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| Keywords: | Contextual Performance, Organization, Quantitative Analysis, Teachers, University | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)65 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)65 | |
| Page Nos: | 870-886 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 65 | |
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Unemployment Alleviation: Does Social Overhead Capital Matter? An Empirical Evidence From SAARC Countries |
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| Abstract: | The main objective of the present study is to reduce unemployment considering the role of social overhead capital in the SAARC countries. The study is based on the panel data covering the time period 2000 to 2018. Different forms of social over head capital like Transportation infrastructure, Telecommunication sector infrastructure, social sector infrastructure, Financial penetration and renewable energy sources are used in the research. Panel cointegration techniques and Fully Modified OLS method are employed for estimation. The research concludes that the all forms of infrastructure are compatible with theory and highly significant for unemployment mitigation. It is suggested that the SAARC economies should develop social overhead capital and formulate the joint policies to investment more in telecommunication sector energy sector and social sector infrastructure like health and education. | |
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| Keywords: | Financial Penetration, Health and Education, Telecommunication Sector, Transportation Infrastructure | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)66 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)66 | |
| Page Nos: | 887-903 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 66 | |
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On Job Stress and School Effectiveness in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences |
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| Abstract: | The main objective of this study was to find out the stress level on job or work place in secondary school teachers. Forty eight 48 head teachers and 114 secondary school teachers served as a sample of the study. Two questionnaires “teachers’ job related stress scale (TJRSS)” and “School effectiveness scale (SES)” were developed to collect data from the sample of the study. The mean Combine on the Teachers’ Job Related Stress Scale (TJRSS) was found 3.70 that showed moderate level of job stress in secondary school teachers. The mean combine of the school effectiveness scale (SES) was found 2.57 that indicated low level school effectiveness. Factors like, sluggish promotion mechanism of school teachers, autocratic attitude of school administration and appointment in remote areas were found as the causes of job stress in secondary school teachers. A negative correlation was found between Job stress and school effectiveness. The Government and school authorities are recommended to try their best to overcome the stress causing problems in order to improve the school effectiveness. | |
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| Keywords: | Effectiveness, Job Related Stress, Secondary School Teachers, Moderate Level of Stress, Stress Level | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)67 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)67 | |
| Page Nos: | 904-914 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 67 | |
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Comparison of Impartion Level of Concepts and Skills between Promotion Link Trained and Newly Selected SST |
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| Abstract: | The main theme of the study was to explore the importance of promotion link training of educational personnel in terms of skills and concepts imparted, SST in secondary education Punjab, Pakistan. A survey was designed to conduct this study. The population of this study was the educational personnel who got promotion link training from SST to SS, HM. 350 trained (Training by DSD) education Personnel were randomly selected from the Gujranwala, Rawalpindi & Faisalabad division of Punjab. A questionnaire on five points Likert scale was to collect data. It was concluded that promotion link training is useful training activity to train the promoted and this training also played an important role in enhancing the concepts and skills of promoted SST in comparison with newly selected SST. On basis of conclusions, it was recommended to QAED arrange training workshops to train education personnel. | |
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| Keywords: | Impartion, Concepts and Skills, Promotion Link Training | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)68 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)68 | |
| Page Nos: | 915-919 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 68 | |
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The Impact of Institutional Quality on Financial Inclusion |
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| Abstract: | Financial inclusion (FI) is considered crucial in poverty reduction and promoting economic status. However the FI varies greatly across countries. This study explores the determinants of financial inclusion particularly the effect of institutions, both legal and political, on financial inclusion (FI). The study uses data of 64 former colonies and employs 2SLS, DOLS and FMOLS to examine the causal effect of institutions on financial inclusion. The study found that legal and political institutions significantly affect the degree of FI across countries. The study suggests that establishing strong institutions can help countries achieve higher levels of financial inclusion. | |
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| Keywords: | Financial Inclusion, Legal Institutions, Political Institutions, 2 SLS | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)69 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)69 | |
| Page Nos: | 920-931 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 69 | |
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The Relationship Study among Management Strategies Adopted By the Principals (Male) in Public Sector Colleges, Punjab Province, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study is related to find out the relationship among management strategies adopted by the college principals in public sector, Punjab Province in Pakistan. A simple random technique was used to select public sector colleges for boys from the list prepared by Higher Education Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan. The data was collected from the principals (male).A pilot study was framed out to develop a questionnaire for the principals. Data was analyzed through SPSS-20.Findings were attained that five management strategies have significant relationship among one another. Therefore, it is recommended that principals should use these management strategies during their management process to attain pre-determined targets. | |
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| Keywords: | Colleges, Management Strategies, Principals | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)70 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)70 | |
| Page Nos: | 932-937 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 70 | |
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The Dilemma of Ethics in Advertising in Pakistan: An Islamic Perspective |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the dilemma of ethics regarding the promotion of foreign culture as opposed to local cultural values by the advertising industry in Pakistan from the Islamic perspective. Advertisers rely on the western business models, disregarding the Islamic business models or ethics that understate exaggeration of the user, consumer, or product attributes. The absence of the advertising ordinance or state control facilitates this manipulation process. The control is an independent variable while culture and emotion are dependent variables whose coupling links the emotions and actions of westernized models to those of traditional viewers. The study assumes the advertiser negatively influences Pakistani culture and conduct of young women due to a lack of governmental guidelines for producing advertisements from an Islamic cultural perspective. The researchers used a quantitative research design for collecting data from 250 university students from three universities at Lahore and Karachi through an online survey questionnaire. The regression analysis shows correlation among control, culture and emotions. The results show the youth believes the advertiser influences young women’s conduct in the absence of the state control over Pakistani advertising agencies for promoting the Islamic code of conduct, culture and business model, or to sort out the ethical dilemma. | |
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| Keywords: | Advertising Ethics, Islamic Advertising, Pakistani Advertisements, Pakistani Culture, Pakistani Women, Pakistani Youth | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)71 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)71 | |
| Page Nos: | 938-951 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 71 | |
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A Study of Chronic Disease and Benefits of Physical Activity on Healthy Status |
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| Abstract: | The World Health Organization (WHO) describes that health status of whole physical, social, and mental health then not simply the nonappearance of infection and weakness (WHO, 2017). Intellectual health is well-explained as a public of health, in which each specific understands his or her own possible, can handle with the ordinary stresses of lifecycle, and work effectively also successfully, and is able to create an involvement to male and female in community. As well as accord that regular physical sports activity can increase physical health and fitness, health and support in the avoidance of different infection. Some trainings have indicated that real on the go young people are in good health as well as have a greater Physical Fitness than in-active adults throughout different nations and public groups. Chronic infections are main deadly illness in the present time. Physical in-activity is a main reason of maximum chronic diseases. This early time third of the research papers include: activity and avoidance explanations of background confirmation indicating physical inactivity is harmful toward well-being and normal organ efficient capabilities; source and, behavior, physical sports activity appliances. | |
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| Keywords: | Involvement, Physical Activity, Public Health Advancement, Public Health Psychology | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)72 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)72 | |
| Page Nos: | 952-960 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 72 | |
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Examining the Non-linear Relationship between Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study looks into the impact of board structure, reporting and disclosure and transparency on the success of family businesses in Pakistan. It also examine if the relationship between corporate indices is linear or non-linear in nature? BOD index, reporting index, and disclosure index are constructed based on governance practices. The dependent variable is return on assets (ROA), and the relationships are estimated using GMM. The findings reveal a strong relationship between each governance index and ROA. Further, the findings confirm the presence of non-linearity of the CG indices-performance relationships. Family firms are prone to extreme agency disputes, and both internal and external governance is needed to protect minority shareholders' interests from the family firm's entrenched ultimate controllers. The results show that good corporate governance practices have a significant positive monitoring impact on the success of family businesses in Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Corporate Disclosure, Corporate Governance, Corporate Reporting, Firm Performance | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)73 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)73 | |
| Page Nos: | 961-974 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 73 | |
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Insightful Perspectives about Effective Implementation of ESL Single National Curriculum (SNC) in Pakistani Schools |
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| Abstract: | The research paper has critically evaluated the draft document of ESL Single National Curriculum (SNC) to interpret the purpose of SNC for its successful implementation across the country. The study is qualitative in nature as content analysis method is used to explore the innovative aspects of SNC. It is evidently discussed that curriculum’s fundamental justification is to infuse ethical, social and universal values in Pakistani learners with themes and subthemes such as, peace and social cohesion, ideology, religious tolerance, respect, equity and conflict resolution. It is surmised that ESL Single National Curriculum has planned to make use of technology to develop ESL literacy and competency in students. It is implied that the performance of ESL teachers will be evaluated using different evaluation models, such as, Guskey Model of Teacher Evaluation. The study recommends that outcomes of needs and situational analysis would be beneficial for successful implementation of SNC in Pakistani schools. The everyday activities and materials can be synthesized with SNC to improve creativity, reflection and autonomy in ESL learners and teachers. | |
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| Keywords: | Single National Curriculum (SNC), NC Themes, Technology, Teacher Evaluation Model | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)74 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)74 | |
| Page Nos: | 975-986 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 74 | |
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Examining the English Lingual Needs of Zoology Students at Undergraduate Level in Sindh: A Case of University of Jamshoro |
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| Abstract: | The study is designed to find English lingual needs in undergraduate students of zoology department in one of the Public Sector University, Jamshoro, Pakistan. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool to know about the English language opinions of zoology students that belonged to diverse lingual backgrounds at the undergraduate level in quantitative form. The questionnaire tends to elicit different lingual needs from students of varied lingual backgrounds. This study discloses some of the interesting facts about interests in students to give preference to skills of speaking, their interests in British English, to find their perceived need of English usage in abroad, eagerness for learning English and their current competency in English. The interview protocol was used to find the interest and motivation of zoology students in detailed form. However, one finds predictable regulations. Though, all respondents were students of zoology department, they had immediate lingual wants of English that are educational in nature and contextual, where English is used frequently. The significance of study lies to a fact that it does provide path for ESP teachers and practitioners in helping them to design specific courses with particular materials for undergraduate students of zoology department. | |
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| Keywords: | British English, English for Specific Purpose, Lingual Needs, Sindh, Speaking Skill, Undergraduate, University | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)75 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)75 | |
| Page Nos: | 987-997 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 75 | |
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The Predictive Role of Religiosity and Spirituality for Life Satisfaction and Psychological Wellbeing among Hepatitis Patients |
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| Abstract: | This study was carried out to see the predictive role of religiosity and spirituality for psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction among hepatitis patients. A total of (N=220) Hepatitis C patients ranging from 21 to 50 years suing purposive sampling technique were selected from govt. and private hospitals. Muslim religiosity personality inventory MRPI translated by (Saleem, 2011), Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) (Mahmood, 2012), and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) Brown & Janmohamed, (2008) and a self constructed demographic datasheet was administered for data collection. The study design was correlational in nature, descriptive statistics, Pearson Product moment Correlation, multiple regression, t-test were performed for data analysis. Findings showed that all the variables were significantly related to each other, and religiosity and spirituality was significant predictors of Life Satisfaction and psychological wellbeing among hepatitis C patients. More over significance differences were found between religiosity and spirituality, life satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing among groups (p<.01). | |
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| Keywords: | Life Satisfaction, Psychological Well-Being, Religiosity and Spirituality | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)76 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)76 | |
| Page Nos: | 998-1015 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 76 | |
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Exploring the Construal of Ideational Meaning in “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam” by Iqbal and its Translation by Ishrat: An SFL Perspective |
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| Abstract: | The study explores the transference of ideational meaning from The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (ST) by Allama Iqbal to Tajdeed-e-Fikryat-e-Islam (TT) by Waheed Ishrat. The study delineates how the equivalence in translation involves making functional choices from the available systems in the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). By applying the framework proposed in Systemic Functional Linguistics (henceforth, SFL), the current study focuses on the lexicogrammatical feature of transitivity to analyse the construal of ideational meaning in the ST and the TT. Quantitative analysis exhibits differential use of the processes for the TT and the ST. The findings show that the TT employs relational processes (47.20 %) more than that of the ST (39.90 %). On the other hand, results show that the TT uses existential processes (0.95 %) less than that of ST (2.72 %). These quantitative findings were further substantiated with the qualitative analysis of the textual examples that explain the differential use of relational and existential processes in the TT and the ST. It is envisaged that the study will help language students, researchers, and translators understand the significance of making functionally equivalent choices in translation. | |
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| Keywords: | Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Functional Translation, Ideational Meaning, SFL, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Transitivity | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)77 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)77 | |
| Page Nos: | 1016-1028 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 77 | |
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Marked Code-Switching and its Functions in the Pakistani Fashion Journalism |
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| Abstract: | Code-switching is a common phenomenon that means a shift from one language to another during a discussion, conversation, and writing. The aim of the present study was to find out the trends of Urdu-English code-switching inPakistani Fashion Journalism. For this study, the data was collected from Pakistani electronic and print media. Twenty-five Dunya Sunday Magazines, from the year 2018, and only six recordings of Good Morning Pakistan shows from the ARY Digital channel from the year 2017, were selected. Myers-Scotton's (1993) Markedness Model was applied as a theoretical framework to analyze the type of marked code-switching and functions (reprimand, expansion, emphasis, humor, clarification, confirmation, and finding difficulty in words) of Urdu-English code-switching. Eight examples of marked code choices were found out from electronic media and only one from print media. The findings demonstrated that code-switching was not only an impact of colonization but also a trend of fashion in Pakistani society; rather it was considered a valuable method to perform particular functions during a conversation. | |
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| Keywords: | Code Switching, Electronic and Print Media, Functions of Marked Code Switching | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)78 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)78 | |
| Page Nos: | 1029-1043 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 78 | |
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Pakistani Female Pop Icons and the Tune of Feminist Activism in “Na TutteyaVe” Song |
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| Abstract: | The paper closely hears the season opener song for Coke Studio 2020: “Na Tutteya Ve”, in order to critically appreciate and analyze it as a tune of feminist activism. Contextualizing the critical discussion of the song within the theoretic perspectives of “feminist cultural analysis” as given by Franklin et al. (1996) and the concept of popular music as a feminist activist sounds cape as given by Delap (2020), the paper highlights the songs arrival in Pakistani #Me Too background, alongside its lead singer and composer Meesha Shafi’s involvement in Pakistani #MeToo scenario since her legal feud with another leading male pop star Ali Zafar. The paper establishes the song’s timely arrival in furthering the Pakistani female consciousness as a feminist community vis-à-vis oppressive patriarchy and women’s secondary social status. The paper hears the song as a cultural specimen of Pakistani feminist music which, in its capacity as an artistic site, propounding the alternative female imaginary, broadcasts a call for revisiting the Pakistani female’s social situation, as well as questions the parallel male centric social centrality and supremacy. | |
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| Keywords: | “Na TutteyaVe”, Feminist Sonic Space, Lucy Delap, Meesha Shafi, Pakistani #MeToo, Pakistani Feminist Music | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)79 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)79 | |
| Page Nos: | 1044-1057 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 79 | |
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Ownership Concentration and Firm Performance: A Case of Non-financial Sector Family Firms in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The present examined the effect of ownership concentration on family firms’ performance in Pakistan. The performance measures included both accounting and market performance variables. The estimation technique employed in the study was Generalized Method of Moments. The findings clearly indicate that concentrated ownership is harmful for family firms’ performance. Although, the results are contradictory to previous studies in Pakistani context, these were consistent with the entrenchment effect. The results suggest that dominant family shareholders are forceful and they are engaged in tunneling firms’ resources for their personal gains at the costs of external shareholders that is detrimental for firms’ performance. | |
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| Keywords: | Entrenchment Effect, Family Firms, Ownership Concentration, Return on Equity | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)80 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)80 | |
| Page Nos: | 1058-1067 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 80 | |
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The Impact of Training, Development and Performance on Employees’ Performance in the Banking Sector of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | We study the relationship between training and growth in the performance of employees in the South Punjab banking sector in Pakistan. It is an empirical research in which both qualitative and quantitative techniques will be used for further analysis. The primary source of data will be used in the banking sector. Both private and government banks playing a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. This review offers us a way of testing the effect of training and growth on the success of the business. How the training, development and performance of employees can enhance the quality of workers and it would be the source of better services. The result and discussion highlight that better training, development and performance of employees can make the banking sector better in performance. This has a positive effect on the economic situation of the South Punjab region. | |
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| Keywords: | Corporate Social Impact, Corporate Social Performance, Employee Engagement | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)81 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)81 | |
| Page Nos: | 1068-1080 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 81 | |
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Satisfaction Level of Intellectual Disable Children’s Teachers about the Social Skills Curriculum at Primary Level in Punjab |
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| Abstract: | This research was conducted to explore the satisfaction level of teachers about the social skills curriculum for mentally challenged children at primary level. Teachers in special schools need to highlight the gaps in curriculum to enhance the social skills of ID children. Social skills are key to learn through peers. If the child is social then he could better understand the things through his classmates along with the teacher. In this regard the research is conducted to evaluate the level of satisfaction of teachers about the curriculum of these children. The data is collected from 100 ID’s teachers from all over the Punjab at convenient basis. The data is compiled and analyzed at SPSS to fetch the results. The results indicated that the teachers experienced a low level of satisfaction about the curriculum of social skills. Recommendations were made through a fruitful discussion keeping in view the results analyzed that there is a need to make suitable changes in the curriculum of MCC to enhance their social skills | |
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| Keywords: | Curriculum, Intellectual Disable, Satisfaction Level, Social Skills | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)82 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)82 | |
| Page Nos: | 1080-1095 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 82 | |
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Effects of External Sources of Stress on School Head Teachers and their Management Practices |
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| Abstract: | This study is an attempt to find out the coping strategies of stress for female school head teachers. This study was carried out to examine the effects of external sources of stress on school head teachers and their management practices in district Faisalabad. There were 236 public sector secondary schools in District Faisalabad.30 schools were randomly selected as sampled institutions. There were 120 respondents for the study from different selected schools. These respondents included 30 head teachers, 90 teachers from 30schools.Questionnaire was used as research tool to collect data. Research tool was validated by the expert opinion and reliability of the research tool was recognized at .843 Cronbach Alpha through pilot testing. Descriptive statistics (Mean (X) and Standard Deviation (SD) was used to have the general look of viewpoints of respondents while inferential statistics (ANOVA) and regression was used to test the hypotheses regarding the difference in the opinion of groups. It was found the most of the head’s teachers have stress due to school administration, parents and community pressure as well as students’ low achievements. | |
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| Keywords: | Management, Performance, School Heads, Stress Factor, Stress Level | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)83 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)83 | |
| Page Nos: | 1096-1106 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 83 | |
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The Impact of Work Demands and Work Group Support on Emotional Exhaustion among Medical Doctors: A Moderating Analysis |
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| Abstract: | The study intended to find out predictive relationship between work demands and emotional exhaustion among medical professionals with buffering function of work group support. Cross sectional research method was used during this research. Based on convenient sampling technique 226 medical doctors were approached from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Their responses were recorded on self-report measures of study variables. Amos was used to analyze the model fit in relation to research plan. The results of the study show that there is a significant directional relationship between work demands and emotional exhaustion. Medical doctors are facing numerous work demands which are leading them towards emotional exhaustion which is unavoidable because of nature of their work, whereas high level of work group support may lessen the level of emotional exhaustion caused by their work demands. It is recommended that their work place resources must be improved to facilitate them. Their long duty shifts should be adjusted as per standard working hours and number of on duty doctor should be adequate to meet the needs of indoor patients and emergency conditions. Limitations experienced by researcher include the sampling technique which was selected convenient so the results cannot be generalized to all doctors in Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Emotional Exhaustion, Medical Doctors, Work Demands, Work Group Support | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)84 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)84 | |
| Page Nos: | 1107-1114 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 84 | |
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Hybridity and the Politics of Location: A Study of Diaspora Space in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West |
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| Abstract: | Diaspora, in Postcolonial context, refers to the notion of ‘dispersion’ which entails the connotations of a center or a locus from which the dispersion occurs. It takes into account the homing desire, which is not the same as the desire for ‘homeland’. Hybridity, in conflation with diaspora studies, refers to dismantling cultures from their totalizing specificities of cultural situations. This cultural decolonization leads towards an ambivalent space called the ‘Third Space of Enunciation’. The present study deals with Mohsin Hamid’s “Exit West” (2017) as it attempts to reveal how colonial subjects are positioned not only in relation to the Colonizer but also in relation to one another. Hence, the colonial identity is always in a state of flux and anxiety due to multi-locationality, as the home is a slippery space in the diasporic imagination. Moreover, the study deals with Hamid’s engagement with the arbitrariness of borders, as borders are discursive narratives, which further leads towards deterritorialization as dislocation and displacement of meanings and identities. Hamid, in the “Exit West”, significantly maintains the ambivalence of diaspora space where binaries of exclusion/inclusion, belonging/otherness, us/them are contested in a global context. | |
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| Keywords: | Deterritorialization, Diaspora Space, Homing Desire, Hybridity, Mimicry, Third Space for Enunciation | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)85 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)85 | |
| Page Nos: | 1115-1126 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 85 | |
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Attitudinal and Direct Association between Personal Value Beliefs and Users’ Banner Ad-Click Response on Social Network Sites |
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| Abstract: | Social media has fundamentally transformed the ways of human communication. Specifically, social network sites (SNS) are famous for social interaction and conducting business activities. The current study examines the dimensional structure of personal value beliefs (PVB) about SNS advertising and its attitudinal and direct association with users’ banner ad-click response. Furthermore, the current study examines the association between banner ad-click response and users’ online shopping behavior (OSB). Using self-administered questionnaire data were collected from 200 Facebook and Twitter users in Pakistan. Results reveal informative, entertaining, and social image factors as dimensions of users’ PVB. These dimensions of PVB have a differential attitudinal and direct association with SNS users’ banner ad-click response. In addition, SNS users’ banner ad-click response and their OSB are associated positively | |
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| Keywords: | Ad-Click Behavior, Entertaining, Informative, Online Buying Behavior, Social Image | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)86 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)86 | |
| Page Nos: | 1127-1141 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 86 | |
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Power and Interdependence with Internet |
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| Abstract: | The modern world is transforming all intellectual domains. This transformation is responsible for both convergence and divergence of ideas, their respective paradigms, and influencing spheres. Modern-day researchers and theorists have induced continuous efforts to redefine power, and the notion of interdependence, understand their meaning and practical interpretations and tried to develop a direct and more scientific approach towards these socio-political integers. Nevertheless, usage of the internet has expanded other grounds to underline extended dimensions of power and interdependence and explore their dynamics in a virtual age. What is the internet? How does it coincide with the structure of power and a socio-virtual world of interdependence? And how does it become a model of governance parallel to the real world? These questions briefly fall into the domain of this study. | |
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| Keywords: | Governance, Interdependence, Internet, Power, Virtual | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)87 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)87 | |
| Page Nos: | 1142-1152 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 87 | |
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Peace Education: Perceptions of Secondary School Teachers of Province Punjab, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | War and terror have grasped the whole world. Peace education is the only source to handle the situation UNO has made it mandatory for all UN member nations to impart peace education in the educational system to equip the young ones of nation it seems imperative to explore the perceptions of educators. Hence the present research study is designed to explore the perceptions of teachers about Peace Education. The focus of this study was to identify the perceptions of teachers about Peace Education themes and to compare the responses with respect to different variables. Data were collected from the sample of 240 secondary school teachers from 80 schools all over the Punjab province. Perceptions of teachers were identified by using a Peace Education Questionnaire for Teachers (PEQT). ANOVA and MANOVA were used to find out the differences between the groups from the collected data. The study findings indicated that secondary school teachers have highly positive perceptions about the Peace Education themes. It is also concluded that no significant difference was found between the perceptions of male and female teachers and about Peace Education themes and also there was no significant difference between the perceptions of rural and urban teachers about the Peace education themes. | |
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| Keywords: | Peace Education, Peace, Perception, Secondary School Teachers | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)88 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)88 | |
| Page Nos: | 1154-1164 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 88 | |
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Investigating Teacher Leadership in Government Degree College Naudero: A Mixed Method Approach |
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| Abstract: | The purpose behind the perspective of this research study was to have investigation about phenomenon of Teacher Leadership by selecting particular case of Government Degree College Naudero at district Larkana in Pakistan. This research had been nothing but replica of previous research made by (Ysidro, 2010). Researcher had used cross sectional mix method with a deductive approach in case study based research. Teacher Leadership School Survey (TLSS) questionnaire was data collection tool used in this research which comprised close ended questions (quantitative) and semi-structured interviews (qualitative) approach, already developed by (Katzenmeyer, 2001). 10 college teachers were selected for data collection in this research. Findings collected from data suggest that teacher leadership has longstanding influence on the teaching learning process and results of student learning in this college. Teacher leadership had been perceived from different perspectives and researcher gathered the findings that teacher leadership has strong links with working conditions, and role of principal towards the school improvement plan. Though research was conducted with primary purpose to explore and understand how college teachers look at teacher leadership in the context of professional development, and student learning yet results of the same may be helpful to other research context also. | |
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| Keywords: | Adult Learners, Mixed Methods, Teacher Leadership | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)89 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)89 | |
| Page Nos: | 1165-1190 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 89 | |
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Efficacy of Explicit Instruction of Discourse Connectives for Verbal Communication |
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| Abstract: | Discourse connectives are fundamental components of verbal communication due to their significant role in the creation of coherence, expression of emotive and mental states, and in the navigation of turn-taking (Villegas, 2019). This research study was conducted to explore the effect of explicit instruction of discourse connectives on the communication skills of English language learners. The sample of 40 students was taken and divided into two groups i.e. control and experimental group. Pretest and posttest were conducted to evaluate the proficiency level of students. IELTS interactive test was employed as an instrument to analyze the scores of pretest and posttest. The experimental group was taught with the help of an explicit method of instruction for thirty days whereas no explicit instruction of discourse markers was received by the control group. The findings of the research revealed that the explicit instruction of teaching was considered more effective for teaching discourse markers as compared with the traditional mode of teaching. The findings of the present study call for the reinforcement of discourse connectives employing explicit teaching strategies for improving the verbal communication of ESL learners. | |
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| Keywords: | Connectives, Discourse, Markers, Explicit, Instruction | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)90 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)90 | |
| Page Nos: | 1191-1198 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 90 | |
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Exploring the Complex Challenges of Balancing Caregiving and Career Aspirations among Women in Public Sector Universities in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This qualitative study explores the intricate challenges that women in public sector universities in Pakistan face while balancing caregiving responsibilities for family members with their career aspirations. Interviews with 48 women in various roles, and thematic analysis revealed significant findings. The study uncovers challenges such as the struggle to harmonize family duties with career ambitions, conflicts regarding time management and work-life balance, and the emotional toll of managing caregiving and career advancement. Additionally, the study identifies coping strategies these women employ, highlighting their resilience and adaptability. These strategies involve the importance of organizational support in achieving work-life balance, the influence of religious commitment in finding fulfillment in caregiving roles, and the crucial assistance provided by family members, particularly supportive in-laws and mothers. Overall, this study underscores the significance of addressing the unique challenges faced by women caregivers, not only for gender equity but also to promote diversity, inclusivity, and gender equality in the workplace. | |
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| Keywords: | Career Advancement, Caregiving, Dual Responsibilities, Women | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)91 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)91 | |
| Page Nos: | 1199-1214 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 91 | |
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Economic Impact of Water Scarcity in Thar: An Empirical Analysis with Pragmatic Measures |
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| Abstract: | This paper examines the economic impact of water scarcity in Tharparkar. It is regarded as most water scare region in Pakistan for being semi-arid zone. Ground water is the only major water source in this region. However, only a few of studies cum research material can be found regarding water shortage problem with a particular focus on affecting economy of the area. The results reveal that women and school going children are responsible to fetch water which affects both productive working hours and education. Hence, economic impacts of water scarcity include water fetching direct cost, consumption of productive working hours, aggravating education status, provoking health issues, inciting food insecurity, depleting rain-fed agriculture and affecting livestock based economic activities. The Research suggests recommendation and pragmatic actions, based on its findings, useful for academia, implementers and policy makers. | |
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| Keywords: | Economic Impact, Water Scarcity, Water Shortage | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)92 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-I)92 | |
| Page Nos: | 1215-1226 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-1 | |
| Article #: | 92 | |
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