News
- Quarterly Published
- Paper submission last date for Volume 4 issue III (September, 2020) July 30, 2020
- Recognition by Govt of Pakistan (HEC) in Y category.
Contents Volume 3, Issue 2
| Social Media and Political Awareness in Pakistan: A Case Study of Youth | ||
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| Abstract: | This study was designed to investigate the role of social media in promoting political awareness among the youth of Pakistan, recognizing the fact that new interactive technologies have powerful impacts on youth in augmenting their political knowledge. This study is descriptive in nature and quantitative by approach.The target population of this was students of BS and MS Programmes Public Sectors universities in Gujranwala division. The data was collected with a questionnaire and a test and was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that social media plays a vital role in socializing the Pakistani youth but the results of the Test showed the lower level of political awareness among the students. This study recommends that educational institutions and public departments should share their authentic information via social media to create the political awareness among the students. | |
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| Keywords: | Social Media, Pakistani Youth, Political Awareness, Political Knowledge | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)01 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)01 | |
| Page Nos: | 1-13 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 1 | |
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| Impact of Monetary Policy on Stock Exchange in Pakistan: Maturity Wise Data Analysis | ||
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| Abstract: | This study examines the role of discount rate in monetary policy through different deposit rates in Pakistan. The discount rate is the key to monetary policy of a country. The monetary structure of it is not much strong as compared to developed countries. Time series data is used from 1980 to 2016. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root test are applied for checking the stationary condition of the variables. The results of both tests confirm that all variables are of stationary at first differences. Therefore for the long run relationship among the integrated series is determined by applying the Engle and Granger method. This study finds incomplete and asymmetric adjustment of interest rate pass through and there is ascending rigidity in deposit rates of the country. This study suggests a strong monetary policy in the country to a wide-ranging and effective role of discount rate in Pakistan | |
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| Keywords: | Monetary-Policy, Deposit Rates, Asymmetric Adjustment | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)02 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)02 | |
| Page Nos: | 14-29 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 2 | |
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| Gender Quota in Pakistan: An Analytical Study | ||
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| Abstract: | This study critically evaluates the different gender quota policies adopted by Pakistan and what have been the actors and factors responsible for such strategies. Although the constitution of Pakistan grants equal rights to women, but these constitutional provisions had not improved the status of women accordingly. The descriptive research mythology has been adopted for this paper. Study has found that gender quota has always been introduced in isolation. There looks complete alienation between civil society and political elites. In the absence of a favorable social structure and cultural traditions, only constitutional provisions of equality could not guarantee the provision of any rights to a marginalized segment of the society. | |
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| Keywords: | Patriarchal Structures, Women’s Representation, Political Institutions Gender Quota | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)03 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)03 | |
| Page Nos: | 30-46 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 3 | |
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| Investigating the Impact of Simplified Statutory laws to Expedite Justice in Pakistan | ||
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| Abstract: | This study endeavors to simplify the statutory laws to make the speedy court trials in Pakistan. In this regard, the linguistic adequacy of lawyers and law teachers regarding intelligibility and time spent on reading laws is examined. So the issue of convoluted nature of legal language playing a role of impeding the comprehension and requiring much time can resolve the issue of delayed justice. For this, two questionnaires were formulated comprising of statues with both versions followed by different items were distributed among the law practitioners and law teachers to gather the date. And then, data was quantitatively analyzed. The findings revealed a clear picture of impact of simplified statutory laws on law stakeholders ‘comprehension and time. Through this study, the relative impact of original and simplified statutory laws is systematically measured in Pakistani academic and occupational legal context and subsequently Plain English Language Movement is suggested. | |
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| Keywords: | Legal English, Plain English, Plain English Language Movement, language and law | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)04 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)04 | |
| Page Nos: | 47-61 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 4 | |
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| The Women Harassment Act 2010: Impacts on Pakistani Society | ||
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| Abstract: | This study is designed to explore the pros and cones of Women Harassment act 2010 in Pakistan Women are not secured at public places for this security women Harassment Act 2010 was introduced, It is seemed that implementation of this Act is absent (legal and implementing issues are seen) like the other acts passed by the national assemblies of Pakistan. Explanatory and narrative method is followed to elaborate the topic and findings are that passing the laws and acts is not enough but the implementation is important. The lament is that implementation is not regulated efficiently and properly. Implementation of laws must be ensured, regulated and checked at periodic basis. Women’s quota and seat in assemblies Legislation regarding women and infant health, etc. is not securing the women in our society. | |
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| Keywords: | Women, Harassment, Impact, Society, Law | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)05 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)05 | |
| Page Nos: | 62-73 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 5 | |
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| Success vs Failure Prediction Model for SMEs: A Study of South Punjab and Baluchistan | ||
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| Abstract: | This paper examines the factors that lead to success or failure of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in South Punjab and Baluchistan. There is lack of studies that have conducted in this setting particularly in Pakistan.. Using quantitative approach the data was collected through questionnaire adapted from Lussier Model to measure the success and failure factors of SME’s. The data was analyzed by using e-views to examine the reasons for the success or failure using logistic regression statistical analysis. The result of this study showed that proper business planning, employee staffing, adequate capital inflow and partnerships are important for the viability, management experience, and planning play important role for the success of SMEs. The findings of this study help the SMEs owner, managers, policy makers, practitioners and other professional advisor to improve the success of SME’s by focusing on proper planning, professional advice, relevant industry experience, education, staffing, age, and to avoid failure by maintaining and improving proper record keeping and financial control | |
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| Keywords: | Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). South Punjab, Baluchistan, Lussier Model, Success, Failure | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)06 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)06 | |
| Page Nos: | 74-85 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 6 | |
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| Pakistan Nuclear Doctrine from Minimum Deterrence to Full Spectrum Credible Minimum Deterrence (FSCMD) | ||
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| Abstract: | In this study, attempt is made to briefly highlight theories and correlates them with Pakistan’s nuclear doctrine. Theoretical foundation of this study is based on realist philosophy and the off-shoots of realism. Nuclear doctrines are developed to deter aggression or deal with circumstances involving probable nuclear warfare. Pakistan’s nuclear ability has deterred Indian military from any aggression. Despite having entrenched political differences, the two republics have not aspired for any large-scale military adventure ever since the acquisition of nuclear capability. SverreLodgaard framed the term “political advantage,” for exultant deterrent role of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons. It is asserted hither efficacious practice of nuclear deterrent to preserve strategic objectives embedded sense of “virtual victory” in the psyche of Islamabad stationed bureaucrats. This doctrine stems from Pakistan’s opposition to Indian declaration that South Asia falls in Indian sphere of influence. Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan is though unwritten/customary yet, it is based on various handouts issued by national command authority (NCA) and Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR). Statements and interviews of civilian strategists, senior serving and retired government armed forces officials serve the purpose of providing policy guidelines for customary nuclear doctrine | |
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| Keywords: | Nuclear Doctrine, Realism, South Asia, NCA, Realism | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)07 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)07 | |
| Page Nos: | 86-101 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 7 | |
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| Security Dynamics in Saudi-Iran Relations: An Analysis (1997-2013) | ||
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| Abstract: | This qualitative study aimed to discuss and analyze the complex regional security dynamics that have influenced and shaped the foreign policy of two Iranian presidents, President Muhammad Khatami (1997- 2005) and President Mahmud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) towards Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia and Iran are gripped in a zero-sum game, contesting for land, economic resources, weapons and most specifically regional hegemony. An ancient historical and territorial dispute, age-old cultural, ethnic and linguistic differences have brought the two powers in deep-seated mistrust and acrimony. All these factors further encouraged the two nations to support their proxies through funding, military arms, soldiers, and by promoting sectarianism. In 2011, the Arab Spring escalated the Saudi-Iranian rivalry and further derailed the fragile stability and security conditions of the region. The nature and pattern of relations between the two regional rivals is highly significant as their mutual relations not only affect their domestic politics but also the strategic and political landscape of the entire middle eastern region | |
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| Keywords: | Zero-Sum Game, Territorial Disputes, Sectarianism, Regional Security Dynamics, Hegemony | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)08 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)08 | |
| Page Nos: | 102-115 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 8 | |
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| Critical Analysis of Rohingyan Crisis in Myanmar and its Impact on Neighbouring Countries | ||
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| Abstract: | This article argues that Rohingya as “illegal citizens” in Myanmar and as refugees in other states of South East Asia are a marginalized community of the world and also increase challenges for receiving states. Myanmar has been deliberately declared them illegal citizens and demolished their villages after the latest genocide and build military barracks along the Bangladesh border. So, now almost two million Rohingya are living in refugee camps in different countries. For this article qualitative method and secondary data such as newspapers and articles are used. For ethnic cleansing of Rohingya from Myanmar, government and Buddist monks used the religion and ethnic cards; they introduced many policies such as citizenship bill of 1982, the Rohingya exodus and 969 movement. As a result, many people fled to neighboring states and become a challenge for the economy and society of receiving states such as Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. | |
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| Keywords: | Rohingyan Crisis, Myanmar, Genocide, Bangladesh | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)09 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)09 | |
| Page Nos: | 116-127 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 9 | |
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| Enigma of Political Parties in Political Socialization of Pakistan: A Case Study of Muslim League | ||
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| Abstract: | Political Parties play a vital role in shaping the future political attitude of an individual. This study was designed to determine the role of political parties generally and Muslim League particularly in socializing the people of Pakistan politically. Mix Method was used generalize the results of this study. A total number of 385 voters were randomly selected form Gujranwala Division, a questionnaire comprising of 37 statements on five-point Likert scale with one open ended statement was developed and the collected data were analyzed by applying the descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that the political parties especially Muslim League could not perform continuously and the level of political socialization among the masses of Pakistan remained low. Pakistan Muslim League should present a clear ideology and party manifesto to retain their representation at the National and Local level to socialize politically the general masses of Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Political Parties, Political Socialization, Pakistan Muslim League, Pakistan | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)10 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)10 | |
| Page Nos: | 128-141 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 10 | |
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| Comparison of English Language Learning Strategies Used by Punjabi and Pashto Undergraduates | ||
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| Abstract: | For the last three decades, there has been an emphasis on autonomy in language learning. An important feature of this phenomenon is research into language learning strategies (LLS). Several studies have been conducted to find out relationship between LLS and several other variables including gender, class and academic achievement. However, there has been no study till date about the relationship between second/foreign LLS and different L1s. The present study tries to fill the same gap. Using data from 200 students, half whom had Pashto as their first language and the other half Punjabi, the study tried to understand whether L1 plays any role in choice and employment of LLS. Results revealed that both the students belonging to both the speech communities reported lower frequency of LLS use. There was no significant difference in the reported frequency of LLS use in five out of the six subscales of LLS. The study makes certain recommendations for future research. | |
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| Keywords: | language Learning Strategies, academic achievement, second/foreign Language | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)11 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)11 | |
| Page Nos: | 142-152 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 11 | |
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| A Sociological Study of Contributing Factors of Educational Exclusion of Children in Southern Punjab, Pakistan | ||
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| Abstract: | There are many factors such as (low economic status of the parents, children involvement in domestic and earning activities, language (English) barrier, long distance from home to school, attachment with traditions/ patriarchal thinking, disability of the children, retention of the children from the school etc.) of the educational inclusion of the school age children. South Punjab is the socially excluded region where school age children faced more educational exclusion than Upper Punjab. The researcher selected 600 households in which 5-9 years old child/children was/were available and was/were excluded from primary education. Interview schedule was used for data collection and data was analyzed by using SPSS. It was found that the most prominent factor was the economic factor that compelled the parents to exclude their children from schools because they did not afford the educational costs. It is recommended that at micro level the community development programs should be started and at macro level the government of Pakistan should have to increase the educational budget | |
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| Keywords: | Capability, Educational Exclusion, Educational Inclusion, Disability, Southern Punjab | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)12 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)12 | |
| Page Nos: | 153-163 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 12 | |
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| Modal Auxiliaries in Pakistani English Newspapers: Social and Pedagogical Perspectives | ||
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| Abstract: | This study aims at analyzing the nativisation of certain modal verbs in Pakistani English newspapers. The modal verbs convey social meanings apart from their grammatical functions. In many cases the choice between will/would and can/could is not in accordance with the norms of Standard British English. Modal auxiliaries are considered very problematic for non-native learners and speakers. This study examines the use of modal-auxiliaries-verbs in Pakistani written English with special focus on their social and pedagogical perspectives. The data for the study have been taken from English newspapers. The frequency list has been generated by using the software AntConc 3.5.7. The findings of the study can be used to teach the auxiliaries to the students of English particularly in the appropriate social contexts. | |
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| Keywords: | Modal Auxiliaries, Pakistan English, Pedagogical Perspective | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)13 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)13 | |
| Page Nos: | 164-177 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 13 | |
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| The Dilemma of Democracy and Democratization: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Political System | ||
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| Abstract: | In the recent decade, it is judgment by many spectator and member that the most momentous trend in world politics is the appearance of democratization. So far, Pakistan has not much acquaintance about democratization. Pakistan contains the reappearance of several multi-parties systems, along with civilian administration and brought to power through elections Therefore, in widely and competitive political culture has reemerged. Current study showed that there is significant relation between democracy by the ways democratization and political system. A historical process was involved in democratic transition to democratization. However, if democratization is certainly known as a question can be raised here that how do we evaluate when democratization has been merged or stabilized in political system of Pakistan? The study argued that democratization achieved if democratic period of government increased decade after decade. In Pakistani politics, serious issues are raised when the democratization returned as the major structure as a political system of Pakistan. There are sure possibilities of democratization in political system of Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Democratization, Democracy, Political Parties, Political System and Political Leadership | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)14 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)14 | |
| Page Nos: | 178-188 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 14 | |
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| Physical Activity and Sports to Prevent Suicidality among School-going Adolescents | ||
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| Abstract: | The qualitative systematic review aims to present critical analysis regarding association of involvement in sports and physical activities with suicidal behaviors among school-going adolescents. Twelve major research databases were considered for search and following systematically identification, screening, and assessing eligibility, a total of thirty studies (29 cross-sectional and one longitudinal) were finally included in this review. This qualitative synthesis found weak support in favor of beneficial effects of involvement in sports and physical activities on reduction in suicidal behaviors for male school-going adolescents. However, these findings are less consistent for developing countries and minority groups in advanced countries. Findings regarding relationship of these variables for female school-going adolescents are inconclusive. Future studies with strong study designs and utilization of gold standard validated measuring instruments are essential for strong evidence particularly resolving controversial findings emerged for females | |
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| Keywords: | Suicidality, Sports, Physical Activity, Schools, Adolescents, Social Worker | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)15 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)15 | |
| Page Nos: | 189-203 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 15 | |
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| Peace Building through Religious Tourism in Pakistan: A Case Study of Kartarpur Corridor | ||
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| Abstract: | This qualitative study examines the process of Peace Building through Religious Tourism in Pakistan. Pakistan has many religious sites of shrines and temples. Gurnanak Sahib stayed his last eighteen years of his life at Kartarpur, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. The Government of Pakistan addresses the problems of the Sikh community, and the Kartalpur corridor in the Sikh community is innovative for the entire Sikh community. These Sikh communities can visit the holy saints of Kartapur without a visa. Today, world started to acknowledge Pakistan’s efforts towards achieving peace in the country. The findings of the study expose that Kartarpur; a religious place of Sikhism in Pakistan may play a vital role in the peace building image and economic sector through increased international tourist arrivals. Therefore, the Federal Government should consider taking advantage of the country's religious tourism potential, developing strategies to protect religious archeological sites, and providing facilities to tourists to visit sacred sites is needed. Enough hospitality for believers, in addition to generating income, helps to improve the soft image of the country | |
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| Keywords: | Religious, Peace Building, Tourism, Kartarpur, Sikhism | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)16 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)16 | |
| Page Nos: | 204-212 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 16 | |
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| Application of Agenda-setting, Framing and Propaganda during News Production Process | ||
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| Abstract: | The present research is a meta-analysis of agenda-setting, framing and propaganda literature to highlight the application of these three approaches of media effects during news production process. An extensive literature review of these three theories was conducted. It is proposed through this article that the news content that is received by the consumers goes through a complicated process application of different theoretical approaches which help to shape up the final product of a news item and the final news product somehow becomes different then the first hand information. A process model of agenda-setting, framing and propaganda is proposed during news production process. That helps to understand the links present in the above mentioned theoretical approaches | |
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| Keywords: | Agenda-Setting, Framing, Propaganda, News Production Process, Meta-Analysis | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)17 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)17 | |
| Page Nos: | 213-228 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 17 | |
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| Mediating Intimacy through Phatic Tokens in Social Media Communication: A Pragmatic Inquiry | ||
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| Abstract: | People nowadays have most of their conversations on social media apps. They use many phatic tokens while having online conversations. The present study aims to analyze the types of phatic tokens youngsters use in their conversations on social networking sites. Laver’s theory of phatic tokens and Scheff ’s Bond Theory have been used as theoretical framework for better understanding of this discursive mechanism of phatic communication. Following mixed method approach, a small scale corpus of watsapp real interactions have been collected from 10 participants and analyzed using mixed method approach. Data reveal that phatic tokens perform the function of conflict avoidance hence very helpful in keeping harmony and balance in the community or a society. It is suggested that knowledge and awareness about the phatic communication should be made compulsory at all levels in different social institutions to create social bonds and minimizes the damages caused by conflicts and tensions, through applications of phatic communications | |
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| Keywords: | Social Networking Sites, Social Media, Phatic Communication, Phatic Tokens, Social Interactions | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)18 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)18 | |
| Page Nos: | 229-240 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 18 | |
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| USA’s Pivot to Asia and China’s Global Rebalancing through BRI | ||
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| Abstract: | The aim of present study is to bring the understanding of the complexity of networked relationships between the two major powers the US and China. In this study there are two main themes 1) US pivot to Asia and 2) Belt and Road Initiative of China. This study is based on Qualitative research where researchers had done content analysis. Key findings of current research are that Indo Pacific region plays a vital role in global power politics due to its geo-strategic and geo-economic importance that’s why US and China two major powers are trying to dominate this region through economic projects in this region. US President Obama proclaimed his policy “Pivot to Asia” to influence region and China announced “BRI” to maintain balance. The study recommends that in present era regions cannot be governed through military presence only. So, economic and financial ties are also important to influence certain regions. | |
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| Keywords: | USA, China, Pivot to Asia, Indo-Pacific, Geopolitical, Security, Quad, Multilateralism | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)19 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)19 | |
| Page Nos: | 241-253 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 19 | |
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| Democratic Political Development: A Case Study of Pakistan 2008-2013 | ||
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| Abstract: | Political development modernizes the country by improving institutional functions, national integrity, democratization and political participation. But, this concept could not be sustained in Pakistan due to the domineering behavior of the executive, poor performance of the parliament, lack of judicial independence and military coups. The period 2008-13 saw various events contradicted previous political upheavals. Conduct of continuous elections, the establishment of the coalition government, political cooperation between the opposition and the government on the issues of national importance, increased political participation, vibrant media, restoration of a democratic constitution and abundant law-making, judicial activism to restore constitutional independence of judiciary helped to develop a democratic political system of the country. These political events are explored in this paper which occurred for the first time in the political history of the country and caused political development. This research paper highlights the specific condition of political development in this era and identifies the issues which affect democratic development in the country. It also describes that either democratic political development in Pakistan during 2008-2013 was improved or not? | |
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| Keywords: | Democracy, Political Development, Third World, Judiciary, Separation of Powers, Pakistan | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)20 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)20 | |
| Page Nos: | 254-266 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 20 | |
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| Contextualizing Self (Re)Invention in Modern World: An Urban Sociological Perspective of Exit West | ||
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| Abstract: | The current study questions the impacts of differentiating characteristics of incongruous social locales of modern urban cities and traditional chaotic city in transforming the lives and characters of two individuals in the selected novel. It chooses Exit West by Mohsin Hamid as the text under discussion. It also underscores how salient features of the dichotomous social locales help them to (re)invent themselves in the phenomenon of self-exploration in the differently located geographical terrains. The paper seeks guidance from the critical insights of (Bhaba, 1994; Ashcroft, 2000; Berman, 1988) to analyze and highlight the challenges that modernity and tradition pose to them to intervene in their journey of self-realization. It goes on to underline the causal adumbration that engages them to oscillate between the two opposite poles by bringing them in a fix of ambivalently divided affinities. Subsequently, it aims to highlight how the gravitational pull of the ephemeral modernity and the solidified tradition intrigue to be the determinants of their destiny under different circumstances, clandestinely | |
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| Keywords: | Tradition, Social Locales, Urban Sociology, Self (re)invention, Modernity | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)21 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)21 | |
| Page Nos: | 267-278 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 21 | |
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| Pakistan-China Military and Security Ties: A Qualitative Analysis | ||
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| Abstract: | After China’s emergence as a global power, military modernization, strengthening military ties with other states in different regions of the world, and enhancement in arms exports are some of China’s objectives to achieve.This research paper focuses on analyzing China and Pakistan’s cooperation in defense sector as it is one of the leading elements of Pakistan-China strategic relations. This paper analyzes the Pakistan-China defense cooperation in all three branches (Army, Air Force, and Navy).This research study has employed the qualitative method in which secondary sources of data have taken from existing literature, published and unpublished research works and primary data was collected by conducting interviews of International Relations experts’ to analyze Chin’s defence and security cooperation with Pakistan. The outcome of discussion reflects that in the post 9/11 period, Pakistan and China have strengthen their military and security ties | |
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| Keywords: | China-Pakistan Strategic Partnership, China, Defence, Pakistan, Security | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)22 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2019(3-II)22 | |
| Page Nos: | 279-296 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v3-2 | |
| Article #: | 22 | |
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