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Volume 5, Issue 3
Articles
Condition of Paragraph Writing Skills in Private Sector Schools of Islamabad at Primary Level |
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| Abstract: | The major objective of this research was to find the Condition of paragraph writing skills in private school of Islamabad at primary level. The design of this study was a survey to assess the paragraph writing skills of students of Grade 3 in private schools. Grade 3 students of a private school were selected for this research. Nine boys and eight girls were selected as sample. During survey, the students were asked to select any four topics and write a paragraph on them. They were given the time of 90 minutes to complete this task. The data analysis was done by the software SPSS 22. The reliability of test was determined by reliability analysis. The scoring rubrics were used to analyze the paragraph writing. It was recommended that the paragraph writing might be better if the improvement in teaching method is improved like communicative approach. | |
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| Keywords: | English Classroom, Paragraph writing, Primary Level, Private Sector | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)01 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)01 | |
| Page Nos: | 01-09 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 1 | |
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Overall Impact of Action Research Project as Perceived By Pupil Teachers and Resource Persons of Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad |
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| Abstract: | Currently, AIOU Islamabad has made an action research project compulsory for the students enrolled in these programs. They are asked to select a topic of their own interest and carry out an action research project. To study the impact of action research in terms of improvement in the teaching practice of these beginner researchers who are called “pupil teachers” in this study. This research was conducted on 70 male and 80 female pupil teachers who were available at Govt. high School No.2 Kohat during their workshop that was held from 1st January, 2020 to 30th March, 2020. Thus a sample of 150 pupil teachers was selected through convenient sampling on the basis of easily availability. 10 Resource persons were interviewed and their responses were noted down about their observation of the learning experiences of their students (pupil teachers).A 20 items questionnaire was used for collecting data from the pupil teachers. The responses of 10 resource persons were noted down by conducting a semi-structured interview. The study revealed that the action research project had major impact on the pupil teachers’ research skills and communication skills. The action research is recommended to be incorporated in teaching at every level especially at university level. | |
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| Keywords: | Action Research, Pupil Teachers, Teaching Practice | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)02 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)02 | |
| Page Nos: | 10-17 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 2 | |
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Hybridity Leading towards Identity Crisis: A Study of Daniyal Moeenuddin’s Stories “Our Lady of Paris” and “Lily” as Cultural Rai |
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| Abstract: | Hybridity, in Postcolonial context, refers to dismantling cultures from their totalizing specificities of cultural situations. This cultural decolonization leads towards the emergence of an identity in a contradictory and an ambivalent space called the “Third Space of Enunciation”. Like Hybridity, Rai offers a space for articulation in order to voice multiple and diverse narratives. In this context, the present study deals with the issue of identity crisis as the colonizer not only intends to bring civilization to the colonial subjects but also makes the colonized being an Other to itself. Hence, the colonial identity is always in a state of anxiety and flux as a result of mind/body disfigurement and dismemberment of the Colonized. The colonial subjects maintain the position of both master and slave, which, in turn, shatters the binaristic representations of Colonialist Self/Colonized Other. In this context, this study deals with Moeenuddin’s (2009) engagement with the colonized double consciousness in his short stories “Our Lady of Paris” and “Lily”. His stories bring to the fore a feeling of being divided between two antagonistic cultures and also experiencing multiple cultural identities as a privilege in the Postcolonial context. | |
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| Keywords: | Hybridity, Mimicry, Rai, Third Space of Enunciation | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)03 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)03 | |
| Page Nos: | 18-27 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 3 | |
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Women can be Destroyed but Not Defeated: Undefeatable Struggle of Sisters in Toni Morrison’s Paradise |
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| Abstract: | This article discusses the theme of female friendship as a possible way out of alienation (spiritual or physical detachment in a relation) in gender relations, and then goes on to argue that this female friendship itself suffers from alienation in the long run. While foregrounding the healing power of female bonding which may allow women to survive under patriarchal exploitations, this article brings fore a fact that this bonding nevertheless may be corrupted by the power of patriarchy and lead women finally to where they start, namely, alienation. The common experience of the black women urges them to form bonds to satisfy their mother hunger, deal with their problematic past, and fight against the discrimination on the basis of race, class and gender. Female friendship assists women in counterbalancing the effects of patriarchy and gives them a sense of independence. However, Morrison’s 1998 novel Paradise, by portraying alienated relationships, emphasizes the omnipresent power of patriarchy and warns women of the dangers that the female bonding is exposed with. It brings to light Morrison’s concern with African Feminism as she brings fore the issues that women have to deal with in their struggle to gain freedom from discriminatory patriarchal restrictions that create hindrance to women living a life of their own choice. | |
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| Keywords: | African Feminism, Alienation, Female Friendship, Patriarchy, Struggling Women | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)04 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)04 | |
| Page Nos: | 28-39 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 4 | |
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Challenges and Opportunities of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in the Province of Sindh, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Vocational and educational training is an integral component for efficient and smart GDP of a country. With a higher rate of professionally trained manpower, a country can increase its exports and earn direct revenue. The paper attempted to employ survey research by virtue of social science research protocol as suggested by the experts in the field. The study comprised n= 50 headmasters and n= 200 teachers of technical and vocational schools of Sindh. To conduct the study further, pre-designed closed-ended instrument with Likert scale was used for quantitatively measuring the data impact. Data was collected through self-administered strategy and mailing as well as personal visits. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Coding and communication were done adequately. Other measures of reliability and validity were also carried out accordingly. The study finds that vocational and educational training and skill-building practices must be compulsorily introduced in the schools and colleges across the province of Sindh. | |
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| Keywords: | Opportunities and Challenges, Technical Education, Vocational Training and Education | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)05 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)05 | |
| Page Nos: | 40-54 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 5 | |
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Effect of Synchronous Videos on Academic Achievement in Health and Physical Education at the College Level in Rawalpindi during Covid-19 |
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| Abstract: | The major purposes of this experimental research had been to find out the effect of Synchronous Videos on academic achievement in Health and Physical Education at the College level and to compare the effect of Synchronous video on girls’ and boys’ academic achievement in Health and Physical Education at the College level in terms of hockey, cricket, football, athletics and indoor games. The design of this study was Quasi Experimental (Pretest Posttest Non Equivalent Control Group Design). The two government Colleges, one boys’ College and one girls’ College were selected for experimentation. There were four groups of class 11 from two Colleges comprising experimental and controls in each college. There were fifty items in pre/posttest to assess three levels of cognitive domain namely, knowledge; comprehension and application Synchronous Videos were treatment. After intervention, the posttest was given to the participants. The data analysis was done by the software SPSS 22. The t-statistics were used for each control and experimental group separately. The results showed that Synchronous Videos had a noteworthy influence on academic achievement in terms of knowledge, comprehension and application skills of the students. The girls performed better than boys via Synchronous Videos. SV is recommended to teach field/practical work for Health and Physical Education students for their motivation and interest of the College students. | |
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| Keywords: | Academic Achievement, College Level, Covid-19, Health and Physical Education, Synchronous Videos (SV) | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)06 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)06 | |
| Page Nos: | 55-69 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 6 | |
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Issues and State of Religious Minorities in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review |
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| Abstract: | This article presents a systematic review of previous empirical literature regarding the problems faced by religious minorities in Pakistan which is a hub of religious diversity. Using various keywords Google Scholar, JSTOR, Emerald Insight and ProQuest were searched and 31 studies were identified applying inclusion criteria. Studies applying inclusion criteria of publication in peer reviewed journals from period of 2005-2021 were included. Their findings were analyzed and relevant themes for the present study’s purpose were created. Themes included: religious freedom, out – group identity, media, social exclusion, extremism, education, economic deprivation and constitution and laws. The themes identified through the comparison of last fifteen years’ literature discuss problems faced by religious minorities which, inter alia, include forced conversion of women and girls, restricted religious freedom, discrimination in education, limited employment opportunities and identity – based discrimination. Implications for research, policy making and interventions are also presented. | |
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| Keywords: | Minority Exclusion, Minority Problems, Religious discrimination | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)07 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)07 | |
| Page Nos: | 70-88 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 7 | |
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Framing of Pak-Us Relation in US Elite Press |
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| Abstract: | The present study examines the framing of the Pak-US relations in elite press of the US. The study was focused on the relationship between Pakistan and the United States of America in the government of Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shahid Khakan Abbasi. For this, the framing theory was used as the theoretical support for the study and the qualitative content analysis was selected as the method of the study The New York Times and The Washington Post selected from the US elite press. There were two categories on which Pak-US relations were analyzed. The results revealed that the US press gave unfavorable and negative coverage to Pak-US relations. It was concluded that the selected US newspapers had mostly shown unsatisfied behavior towards the relationship of Pakistan and US. The present study concluded that the US elite press is giving unfavorable editorial coverage to Pakistan and damaging the image of Pakistan at the international level. | |
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| Keywords: | Elite Press, Framing, Pakistan, US | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)08 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)08 | |
| Page Nos: | 89-98 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 8 | |
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Rummage for a Sustainable Earthquake Resistant Structure “Construction Techniques and Technologies” in Northern Areas of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The research focus on comparative Analysis on the determination of emerging construction technology verses new improved form of indigenous construction techniques-technology. To rebuild confidence among the people it relies on traditions-culture by restoring pride in a new improved form of indigenous construction, using traditional techniques and materials, built-in safety factors that would result in safer buildings. Improved vernacular construction was explored to yield seismic resistant structures through survey, emphasis on the revitalization of the cultural identity of the community. Most techniques are modified or more developed forms of indigenous construction techniques and are already in practice. Paper describes practical solutions for new construction of buildings in the affected area after the earthquake October 8th, 2005 in Northern KP, Pakistan to make the sustainable building structures, resistant to the earthquake by using traditional techniques, local resources, and technologies which is environmentally friendly, socially adaptable for the communities &suggested guidelines for the buildings to be adopted in future. | |
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| Keywords: | Communities and Culture, Earthquake Resistant, Technology and Techniques, Improved Indigenous Technology, Sustainable Solutions | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)09 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)09 | |
| Page Nos: | 99-109 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 9 | |
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The Judiciary’s Contribution to Regimes’ Hybridity in Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) was never as powerful in a context of hybrid regime as it emerged after the lawyers’ movement for the restoration of judiciary in March 2009. A hybrid regime is a mix of authoritarian and democratic features. The SCP decide several politically important cases against regimes’ political interests including the disqualification of two Prime Ministers for their dishonesty, striking down politically most important laws such as National Reconciliation Ordinance, Contempt of Court Act 2012, and recovery and tracing of persons missing in connection to war on terror. This empowerment contributed to distinct indicators of regime’s hybridity which has not been investigated until now. This paper examines the contribution of the SCP to regimes’ hybridity from 2005 onwards. | |
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| Keywords: | Hybrid Regimes, Judicial Empowerment, Supreme Court of Pakistan | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)10 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)10 | |
| Page Nos: | 110-125 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 10 | |
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Material Evaluation of English Textbook of BS Criminology: An ESP Analysis |
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| Abstract: | The present research aims to investigate the pedagogical value and suitability of the English textbook of BS Criminology at the University of Sargodha, Main Campus. The study adheres to the material evaluation in ESP. The data comprises 14 sample analyses. For evaluating the textbook Miekley’s checklist has opted. In this study, the total participants were fifty who were undertaking the course of ESP. All the participants were taken from 19 to 21 years. The sampling was done from the University of Sargodha, Department of Criminology. According to the results, the English taught to the students is accurate and fulfilling their communicative needs. The ESP textbook has key features which are proved to be motivational for the students. It is implied for further researches in ESP to evaluate the materials according to the needs of the learners. Moreover, it recommends the modification and redesigning of the courses according to the needs and wants of the learners. | |
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| Keywords: | ESP (English for Specific Purpose), Material Evaluation, Textbook BS Criminology | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)11 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)11 | |
| Page Nos: | 126-141 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 11 | |
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Advancing the Role of Population for Sustainable Economic Development: An Investigation of the National Perspectives |
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| Abstract: | The current study attempts to explain the relationship between the increase in population growth with the economic growth in Pakistan. The nature of this relationship is ambiguous as it has positive as well as the negative relationship with economic growth. The causal relationship between population and economic growth is channelized often through changes in GDP. The data for this research is taken from 1972 to 2020.Byemploying the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)that incorporates the endogeneity issues of the estimation, the research concludes that population grow this a factor that boosts economic activity by enhancing human capital and skill level in the country. Population increase has a significant direct effect on all aspects of the economic status of Pakistan and it increases the opportunities. Today trade openness promotes economic growth. It is suggested that the population may be provided with the skills and better opportunities so that this burden can be converted into an asset to enhance economic growth. | |
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| Keywords: | Economic Development, Economic Growth, GMM, Population Growth Time Series | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)12 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)12 | |
| Page Nos: | 142-150 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 12 | |
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Estimating and Forecasting Meat Prices in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of ARIMA, GARCH and State Space ARIMA Models |
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| Abstract: | Forecasting plays essential role in making effective planning and decisions for a gainful business. Modeling monthly price series containing nonstationarity, seasonality, lag dependence, heteroscedasticity and structural changes is challenging. This leads to the applications of modeling and forecasting technique alternative to widely used conventional ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) models and GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic) models to accommodate all these factors and capture the dynamics of the system. State space ARIMA models through Kalman Filter seem to be the appropriate candidates for this purpose. The main aim of this study is to investigate the worth of state space models in forecasting monthly meat prices in Pakistan under both homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity. This study investigates a comparison of state space ARIMA model and ARIMA-GARCH models in the presence of heteroscedasticity and with simple ARIMA models after adjusting the heteroscedasticity through transformation. The empirical evidences are generated by applying these models to five monthly meat price series: chicken, mutton, beef, fish and shrimp in Pakistan. On the basis of the empirical results it is concluded that the state space ARIMA models outperform the ARIMA-GARCH models in the presence of conditional heteroscedasticity and simple ARIMA models in case of homoscedasticity. | |
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| Keywords: | ARIMA, Forecasting, GARCH, Meat Prices, State Space Models, Transformed Series | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)13 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)13 | |
| Page Nos: | 151-176 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 13 | |
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): A Sociometric Analysis |
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| Abstract: | Sociometry is the human connectedness analysis. In the present paper, in the sense of CSR on CPEC ventures, an attempt is made to explain and understand sociometry in the assessment of Public Relations practices. CPEC is in the initial phase, and CPEC is seen by politicians and government officials as "game-changer" for both of countries, as it has the ability to build a multitude of business and job opportunities for local communities as well as international scope. While achieving substantial benefits of the ‘Belt and Road Initiative`. For this purpose, a qualitative method approach is adopted, as surveys are carried out through a standardized questionnaire with a total of 360 respondents from the communities residing along the CPEC routes. It finds that the long-term CSR initiative initiates the activities of the CSR of the companies working within the CPEC project. The results reveal that local residents perceive a significant progress in their lives through the implementation of the CPEC, especially in terms of quality of life, improved job opportunities and poverty decrease, education, health care and the environment. Theoretically, this research not only offers new insights into CSR functioning by taking into account an under-studied CPEC context, but also suggests a method for how the CPEC contributes to local community development by establishing a CSR structure. | |
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| Keywords: | China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Local community, Sociometry | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)14 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)14 | |
| Page Nos: | 177-193 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 14 | |
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Assessing Economic Rights of Pakistani Women: An Islamic Perspective |
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| Abstract: | The objective of study is to assess economic rights of women from Islamic perspective. Pakistan is established in the name of Islam, and hence the organisation and administration of country got full inspiration from religion. It has brilliantly presented a comprehensive pattern to protect human rights and to ensure good governance and rule of law. However, there exists a common misconception about Islam that it subjugates economic rights of women. This research finds that limited understanding about the ideology of Islam and orthodox cultural practices in patriarchal Pakistani society can be cited as one of the main reasons behind this. Nevertheless, these popular yet misconstrued readings of Islam and inherited unfair rituals embedded in roots of Pakistan, are threating the development of women, and of nation subsequently. Moreover, lack of effective implementation of Laws also remains challenging in this regard. Women make almost half of total 207.7 million population of Pakistan (National Population Census, 2017). Hence no adequate progress of nation is possible unless economic development of women is prioritised. This article concludes by forwarding recommendations for active engagement of government, non-government organisations and civil society groups to play their role for improving the circumstances of women. | |
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| Keywords: | Challenges, Economic Rights, Women Rights in Islam, Women Rights, Women’s Empowerment | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)15 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)15 | |
| Page Nos: | 194-201 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 15 | |
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Analysis of Gap between Expected and Achieved Levels of Skills related Learning Outcomes of Graduates |
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| Abstract: | Learning outcomes are the written statements that inform learners what they will expect to achieve at the completion of a programme. By following the Bologna process, Pakistan Higher Education Commission established its national qualifications framework (NQF). Theaim of this study was to assess the skills related learning outcomes of graduate programme. Current study was conducted in two phases (phase-1 quantitative, phase-2 qualitative) by using confirmatory mixed-methods research design. Plan of the study was to collect data from 720 graduates (for phase-1) and from 96 faculty members (for phase-2) selected through multistage sampling technique from four public universities. A self-developed questionnaire and semi structured interview schedule were employed to collect the data. Due to COVID-19 pandemic situation, questionnaire was converted into Google forms. Ten hundred and twenty seven (1027) filled in questionnaires were received. While, interviews were conducted physically. Results of the study showed that graduates achieved high level of skills-related learning outcomes while faculty members proclaimed that graduates level of achievement was medium level. Results of one sample t-test indicate that there was no significant relationship between the actual achievement of graduates and their expected level of skills related achieved learning outcomes. | |
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| Keywords: | Achieved level, Expected Level, Graduates , Skills-Related Learning Outcomes | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)16 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)16 | |
| Page Nos: | 202-2018 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 16 | |
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Analyzing FATF’s Concerns and Actions taken by Pakistan for Compliance |
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| Abstract: | The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on June 25, 2021, announced that the status of Pakistan being on its grey list will remain unchanged till it rectifies the single remaining item on the First action plan agreed in June 2018 even Pakistan has made substantial development and it has mostly straightened out 26 out of 27 items on the action plan. Since August 2018, Pakistan has been dealing with the FATF to avoid its harsh conditions. The study aims to examine the conditions laid down by the FATF vis-à-vis measures taken by Pakistan for compliance with these conditions and also analyze the current position of Pakistan and also evaluate the six more action items added in the existing actions plan. Qualitative research has been carried out for this research paper. | |
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| Keywords: | FATF Compliance, Grey list, Money Laundering, Pakistan, Terror Financing | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)17 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)17 | |
| Page Nos: | 219-234 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 17 | |
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Effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching Approach on Students’ Achievement in English Grammar |
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| Abstract: | The primary objective of the study was to seek the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach and Grammar Translation Method (GTM) on students’ achievement in English grammar in an EEL context. The study at hand focused on linguistic competence only. The nature of the study was experimental, and a pretest-posttest control group design was used. All seventy-six participants of the seventh class(session 2019-2020) from Govt. Girls Elementary School Ghazi Abad, Okara (Punjab, Pakistan) were selected as the sample of the study. Students were assigned randomly to the experimental or control group based on their pretest scores in the English grammar achievement test. A self-developed Grammar Achievement Test (GAT) was used as both a pre-test and post-test. Pretest scores ensured the equality of groups before the treatment. The experimental group was taught through shallow end approach of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) whereas the control group was instructed through Grammar Translation Method (GTM). Post-test results showed that students taught through CLT performed better. Therefore, the shallow end approach of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is recommended to improve students’ achievement in English grammar in terms of linguistic competence as well. | |
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| Keywords: | Deep End Approach, Domains, EFL, GTM, Shallow End Approach, Teaching Method | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)18 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)18 | |
| Page Nos: | 235-248 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 18 | |
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Exploring the Role of Historic Building Information Modeling for Heritage Conservation in Pakistan: Case of Chauburji Lahore |
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| Abstract: | The research involves application of modern technologies for digital documentation, management and monitoring of built heritage in Pakistan for sustainable developments, giving respect to the authenticity and integrity to the cultural landscapes. The purpose of paper is to evaluate impacts of virtual methods to traditional and conventional styles of conservation techniques. The core objective is to setup an innovative approach to generate a platform to be shared across the country to safeguard the built heritage. Chauburji, a monumental gateway to a large Mughal garden, built in 1646 C.E. during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, has been selected as a case study, being one of the initial monuments digitally documented and characterizes the implementation of integrated building design processes and virtual 3D Models in conservation practices. In short, digital methods of assessment, documentation, data recording, management and monitoring can provide more realistic visualization for the future fabric of the cities. | |
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| Keywords: | Digital Documentation, Heritage Conservation, Historic Building Information Modeling, Virtual 3D Models | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)19 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)19 | |
| Page Nos: | 249-262 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 19 | |
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Head Teachers’ Ethical Leadership Behaviours and Teachers’ Motivation: A Correlational Study at Elementary Level |
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| Abstract: | Leadership is considered as one of the major factors and sometimes the only factor to determine the success or failure of an educational organization. Ethics is central to leadership because leaders consistently influence their followers’ lives as well as their work place motivation either positively or negatively. In this context, the present study examined elementary school teachers’ perceptions to determine the degree of association between head teachers’ ethical leadership behavior and teachers’ motivation. To achieve the objective, this study used explanatory correlational design and collected views of 587 randomly selected teachers working in public elementary schools of district Multan. Ethical Leadership Questionnaire (ELQ) developed by Yukl, Mahsud, Hassan and Prussia (2013) and 23 items from teacher motivation scale developed by Gokce (2010) were adapted to collect the requisite data. Data were analyzed by calculating percentage of responses, mean score, SD, Pearson's r and Standard Multiple Regression. Results suggest that teachers’ perceived correlation between head teachers’ ethical leadership behaviors and their level of motivation was although positive but very low positive and insignificant. This research finally recommends increasing the standards of head teachers’ ethical leadership to positively influence teachers’ motivation. | |
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| Keywords: | Elementary Schools, Ethical Leadership, Teachers’ Motivation, Teachers’ Perceptions | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)20 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)20 | |
| Page Nos: | 263-277 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 20 | |
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Stylistic Analysis of Brand Taglines and their Impact upon Consumers’ Perception: A Study in Pakistani Context |
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| Abstract: | The study looks at the persuasive power of brand taglines produced by linguistic choices and rhetoric devices in Pakistani context.Thirty taglines representing several brands and collected from different sources were analyzed in this study. The language of selected taglines was interpreted using stylistic analysis. It was discovered that when appropriate rhetorical features were combined with the effective social strategies, the consumers were enticed to purchase products or services advertised via taglines. The rhetoric devices employed in taglines were probed through rhetoric analysis. Persuasive power of taglines was ascertained through a survey, conducted with a sample of 150 members of generation Z.The findings indicated that taglines do not go unnoticed and exert a significant amount of influence on the targeted community. It reflected that the clever use of language is instrumental for the target audience's attraction to taglines.It contributes to show the extensive use of language in advertisements and various brands. A lot of the researchers focused on a particular area, like beauty product taglines, banks, educational institutions, and news channels but the present study is completely novel in this regard. As it pertained to taglines of globally recognized brands rather particular web domains. | |
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| Keywords: | Brand Taglines, Linguistic Selections, Rhetorical Analysis, Rhetorical Devices, Stylistics | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)21 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)21 | |
| Page Nos: | 278-295 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 21 | |
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Hindutva Doctrine, Communal Violence, and the Postcolonial Subalternization of Indian Muslims in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness |
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| Abstract: | The paper studies Roy’s fictive character of Anjum: an Indian Muslim ‘Hijra’ of Old Delhi (Shahjahanabad) as the literary sum total of Indian Muslim’s social experience of communal violence and ‘Othering’ from the theoretical perspective of ‘Postcolonial Subalternization’ as explicated by Nayar (2008). The paper highlights various events of communal violence and ‘Othering’, since the inception of the postcolonial nation-state of India in 1947, especially in the lives of Indian Muslims as shown in Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (abbreviated as TMUH), to argue that these historical instances of brutality against them have actually been guided by the Hindutva doctrine that aims to vanquish all the Indian minority communities until they come under the fold of Hinduism either by converting or remaining socio-politically aloof and willing to celebrate the motherhood of Indian Nation State vis-à-vis Hinduness. The paper finds that these events of communal violence and ‘Othering’ against Indian Muslims, especially, have contributed to the Hindutvavadi vision of subalternizing Indian Muslims to social ciphers. | |
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| Keywords: | Arundhati Roy, Communal Violence, Hindutva Doctrine, Indian Muslims, Postcolonial Subalternization, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)22 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)22 | |
| Page Nos: | 296-308 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 22 | |
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Measurement and Determinants of Informal Employment: Evidence from Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This article estimates the size and determinants of informal employment in Pakistan by applying four empirical measures using data from Pakistan Labor Force Survey (2017-18).The recent debate on informality in the labor market has led to a renewal of informal employment measures. Regression analysis is used to shed light on the differences between these measures. We show that the incidence of informal employment varies across different measures. According to at least one measure, 94.53 percent of employment is informal, but 71.4 percent of workers are informal according to the all four measures. However, the determinants of informal employment are roughly stable across the different measures. The paper concludes by suggesting that an appropriate measure is therefore of great importance for policy analysis and the design of appropriate strategies to reduce informality. | |
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| Keywords: | Informal Employment, Labour Market, Social Protection | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)23 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)23 | |
| Page Nos: | 309-324 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 23 | |
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Demotivating Factors in the Foreign Language Learning: An Analysis of the Past Studies |
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| Abstract: | Language learners’ demotivation is one of the key reasons for their failure or poor progress in learning a foreign language. The study aimed to identify the key demotivating factors in learning the language. Findings of the 44 published studies in the past years were analyzed. The results reveal that teaching methodologies, attitude and behaviour of the teachers with the students, their competency and class activities/task assigned to the learners are the most demotivating factors. The other factors like teaching material, students’ negative attitude towards the language, lack of self-confidence, classroom environment, peer pressure, school facilities, nature of the subject, evaluation criteria, limited exposure to the language, difficulties in learning vocabulary and grammar, student-teacher relationship and lack of self-study have also been reported as the demotivating factors in a foreign language learning. By employing the latest language teaching methodologies, devising the interesting course content and classroom activities according to the level of the students and practical usage, encouraging the learners and making them realize the importance of the language may help in avoiding demotivation of the learners. | |
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| Keywords: | Demotivation, Factors, Learners, Methodologies, Poor Progress | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)24 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)24 | |
| Page Nos: | 325-338 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 24 | |
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The Expansionary or Contractionary Effects of Devaluation: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The current research is the long-term and short run impact of real exchange rate variations on growth for Pakistani annual data from 1973 to 2011. Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) introduced the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to Co-integration which is employed for empirical analysis. The findings revealed a negative relationship between growth and real effective exchange rate, which is statistically significant at 1%, implying that 1% devaluation in the real effective exchange rate induces a 0.16 percent drop in real GDP, implying that devaluation is contractionary for Pakistan in the long run. The real effective exchange rate has a negative impact on economic growth in the short run, but this is statistically insignificant, suggesting that devaluation is neutral for Pakistan. Other factors such as money supply, government spending, and worker remittances have a positive impact on economic growth, while crude oil prices have a negative impact in the long run. These variables have almost identical impacts on economic growth in the short term. | |
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| Keywords: | Contractionary Effects, Devaluation, Expansionary Effects | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)25 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)25 | |
| Page Nos: | 339-353 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 25 | |
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Impact of Ethics of Care on Secondary School Students’ Learning: Evidence from Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to explore the perceptions of administrators, teachers and Grade 9 and 10 students (pre-medical group) regarding the impact of care on the learning of students. The study employed a qualitative research design, and multiple case study method to explore the perspectives of the participants belonging to two private schools in Karachi. This study has used in-depth voices of four administrators, eight teachers and twenty students through semi-structured interviews. This study analysed the data in two steps: firstly within the specific setting of cases one and two and then across case settings. Thematic analysis of the data and findings informs the impact of care in two broad areas i.e. cognitive and affective domains of learning. The result of this study brings an increased awareness on importance of care in students’ lives and its role in their academic growth. | |
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| Keywords: | Caring Relationships, Impact, Students’ Learning, Teachers | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)26 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)26 | |
| Page Nos: | 354-365 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 26 | |
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Analysis of Academic Performances of Boarding and Non Boarding Students at University Level in Azad Jammu and Kashmir |
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| Abstract: | Performance of learners is associated with so many other factors as many studies conducted on the analysis of the performance of learners but there are a few studies related to the learners residing at hostels and home at school level which found divided conclusions but at university level no such study was conducted so far. This study explored academic performance of boarding and non-boarding students at university level in A.J&K., the objectives were identifying different academic indicators that are affected by boarding and non-boarding status among the universities, the study was delimited to two universities and population was all the students enrolled in the undergraduate level, a convenient sampling technique was used to select 500 students from both universities. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data, the performance of the boarding is better as compared to non-boarding in terms of their CGPA because the CGPA of boarding is higher than the no-boarding, the reading, writing and speaking habits of boarding students are better than the non-boarding students. Additionally it was found that the listening and learning skills, memory and study skills of boarding students and social performance of boarding students are better than the non-boarding students. | |
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| Keywords: | Academic, Boarding, Non Boarding, Performance, University Level | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)27 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)27 | |
| Page Nos: | 366-375 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 27 | |
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A Corpus Analysis of Online Education Tweets During Covid-19 |
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| Abstract: | The current study investigates the writing or register style of 0.2 million tweets on the topic of online education during Covid-19 in July and August 2020. This pandemic delivered a massive jolt not only to the global economy, health, and business, but also to our educational system. According to the most recent UNESCO report, 1.3 billion students worldwide have been unable to attend schools or universities since March 2020. (McCarthy, 2020). As a result, online education has been regarded as grasping at straws. The study intends to highlight frequently used language structure and frequently used lexis from individual users' lexicons via tweets. Furthermore, a deliberately used stock of vocabulary items may be useful in scrutinizing and measuring learners' attitudes toward this pandemic around the world. Style was defined by Biber and Conrad (2009) as "frequent language forms used by speakers" and "an art of effective and forceful communication." As a result, the most frequent words/lemmas were extracted from the entire corpus first, and then a reduced vocabulary with statistical measures was rigorously studied. Furthermore, some other morpho-syntactic linguistic/grammatical features were investigated using the MAT tagger, a statistical computational tool for determining the text type. | |
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| Keywords: | MAT Tagger, Morpho-Syntactic Linguistic Features, Online Education, Twitter Data, Writing or Register Style | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)28 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)28 | |
| Page Nos: | 376-390 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 28 | |
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Balochistan during Musharraf Era: A Political Perspective |
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| Abstract: | Balochistan had a troublesome start with the federal state of Pakistan. It is a secular tribal society where tribal laws are dominant over the state jurisprudence. General Musharraf who imposed martial law in year of 1999 held general elections in 2002 to gain legitimacy. As a result, PML-Q won the majority and formed provincial government in the region. Peace environment is hard to witness in this province as first insurgency broke out between Baloch rebels and government of Pakistan in 1948 soon after independence over the issue of Kalat state annexation followed by others in 1955, 1973 and 2005. To address the Baloch grievances parliamentary committee on Balochistan was established in 2004 but its efforts proved in vain. Historic and descriptive methods of research were used as well as secondary and primary data were incorporated by support arguments to write this piece of research. | |
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| Keywords: | Cantonment, Elections, Insurgency, Martial Law, Rebels | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)29 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)29 | |
| Page Nos: | 392-403 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 29 | |
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Relationship of Social Skills with Life Satisfaction of Public and Private Secondary School Students |
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| Abstract: | The main purpose of this study was to explore the level of social skills and life satisfaction. A sample of 240 secondary school students randomly selected from the division Gujranwala. Participants were 120 male students out of these 60 were from Govt Schools and 60 from private schools and 120 female students out of these were 60 from Govt. Schools and 60 from private schools. The participants completed measures of social skills with the incorporation of Matson Evaluation for social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) and Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale for Students (MSLSS). Finally, the analysis showed that female students have high social skills and life satisfaction than the male students. The total score of social skills and life satisfaction of the private secondary school students were statistically high than the public secondary school students. Results also showed that social skills have positive relationship with students life satisfaction. It was revealed form the analysis that social skills have strong correlation with students life satisfaction. There should be proper training for teachers for teaching social skills to students. Adolescence is the crucial turning point for children, teachers need to inculcate strategies in their teaching for the development of social skills. | |
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| Keywords: | Gender, Life Satisfaction, Private, Public, Secondary, Students, Social Skills | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)30 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)30 | |
| Page Nos: | 404-416 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 30 | |
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How Conceited Is Donne’s Metaphysical Conceit? A Possible World Perspective With Multiverse Commendation |
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| Abstract: | Metaphysical conceit as popularized by John Donne has remained a narratlogical enigma considering the truth value of the eccentric, stretched metaphorical ideas presented in this category of poetry. Narratologists like Lewis (1986) have successfully made use of the Possible World (PW) theory and the accessibility principle to weigh the logical validity of fictitious text worlds. However, the Possible World theory is a philosophical theory that capitalizes on ontological considerations. This study, in addition to Possible World Theory, makes use of the scientific Multiverse (MV) Theory from Quantum Physics to gauge the logical and potential worth of the metaphysical conceit presented by John Donne; there is a reconciliation of PW and MV theories as narratological frameworks to explore text worlds, and to weigh the veracity of text worlds presented in the metaphysical poetry of Donne. The study explored the text worlds of metaphysical conceit as possible worlds, and as plausible worlds in the outer cosmic space, and concluded that the logical value of text, in greater part, is provided by both the cognitive and scientific realities. | |
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| Keywords: | Accessibility Relationship, Metaphysical Conceit, Bird Perspective, Frog Perspective, Multiverse, Possible World, Schrödinger’s Cat | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)31 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)31 | |
| Page Nos: | 417-429 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 31 | |
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Women Status and Politics of Welfare in Pakistan: A Theoretical Debate |
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| Abstract: | Defining women status in Pakistan is not an easy task as it is a blend of culture, religion and state policies. Hence the status, a Pakistani woman holds in the country can be observed within the structure of cultural practices, applied Islamic laws and state laws.Culturally, status of women in Pakistan is a product of centuries old traditions of the Indian Subcontinent. After spread of Islam, as a new religion was accepted by the masses of sub-continent, but the traditional make up of those was the fusion of Islamic and Indian culture. They adopted religion but Islamic traditions were not exercised by the state under Muslim rule. Women, in eyes of Islam, are not an inferior creature; rather she is given certain rights while living in a society which uplifts her status. But this is theoretical explanation of the Islamic Social Welfare model for women as it is hard to find in the policies and practices of the Islamic countries around the globe and same is the case of Pakistan. Pakistan after more than seven decades still has no selected framework of ideology for women welfare. All the women welfare and empowerment policies followed by national constitution promulgated so far are a document only. Now when the women violence issues in Pakistan are presented through global media, it is related with the religion of the country and pretending that it delegates women an inferior status in society. But the reality is opposite to it as laws in Pakistan are not in accordance with Islamic laws. Stratification and discrimination lies in these state laws; hence are unable to secure women's rights in Pakistan. Claiming of the governments regarding women protection in the country is just politics of welfare. | |
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| Keywords: | Islamic Jurisprudence, Pakistan, Politics of Welfare, State Laws, Status, Women | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)32 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)32 | |
| Page Nos: | 430-443 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 32 | |
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US Management of Border Disputes with Pakistan and India during 2001-2015 |
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| Abstract: | This research paper attempted to explain the US-foreign policy for Pakistan and India. It took account of the main area of the relations that acted as conflicted nature for India and Pakistan post 2001 till 2015, namely, Border Disputes and upon this the US-management is been analyzed. Case studies of prominent border disputes i.e. Sir Creek, Siachen and Kashmir have been taken into account. This study finds that the USA foresee to promote peace in the region, but tilt towards the India is prominent for its huge economic market (and other incentives) for managing the relations. On the issue of Kashmir, the US has been active in mediating since beginning of the issue but due to India’s attitude to resolve issue without a mediator; the US foreign policy in this regard could not give fruits. | |
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| Keywords: | Border Disputes, Conflict Management, India, Pakistan, Siachen | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)33 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)33 | |
| Page Nos: | 444-455 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 33 | |
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Social Stratification in a Punjab Village in New Millennium |
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| Abstract: | This paper is very important historical study on the rural society in Pakistan. There have been numerous historical studies on rural societies in last seven decades but the studies that contain first hand direct information from the people living in the rural society are few. Such research papers are important to develop understandings of the changes and development in the rural society. Explaining the social issues and relations of people living in the villages of Punjab with each other for the understanding of the social structure a study is important. This paper shed light on the changes in social structure and interaction in Nauthen a village of Pakistani Punjab. There is relatively little documentation available that can be considered direct evidence from people living in the villages. Regional studies have a single purpose: they act as a check on assumptions made about a broader area, while also advancing our understanding of social processes and human nature in general. It is very important, that there is no village in Pakistan having old settlement that has not a rich legendary history of its own. | |
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| Keywords: | Changes, Nauthen, Punjab, Rural, Settlement, Social, Stratification | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)34 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)34 | |
| Page Nos: | 456-471 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 34 | |
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Impact of Learning Motivation on Students’ Academic Achievement: Mediating Role of Constructive Feedback |
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| Abstract: | The study aimed to find out the impact of learning motivation after the intervention of constructive feedback on students’ academic achievement. A true-experimental research with randomization pretest-posttest control group design was used in the study. The study sample comprised 97 students of grade IX that was selected purposively. The chemistry achievement test was used to measure the academic achievement. Learning motivation in the Chemistry questionnaire was used to measure learning motivation. Both the instruments were administered twice, as pretest and posttest before and after the intervention. Overall learning motivation through constructive feedback was found a significant impact on students’ academic achievement. Students’ task-value was found as the best predictor of students’ academic achievement, whereas the students’ self-efficacy and students’ self-regulation also showed significant impact on students’ academic achievement in Chemistry subject. It is recommended that constructive feedback should be incorporated in daily formative assessment practices in the classroom setting. | |
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| Keywords: | Academic Achievement, Constructive Feedback, Learning Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, Task-Value | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)35 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)35 | |
| Page Nos: | 472-484 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 35 | |
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Museums’ Problems and Management for Tourism: A Case Study of District Peshawar |
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| Abstract: | The study is aimed to identify some basic problems of museums and community in Peshawar District and their management to make the museum a visitors’ friendly destination. Museums and community are interdependent to flourish. The development of a museum is subject to the interest of the people and community engagement. Similarly, Museums also play a vital role in the development of a society in terms of education, preservation of the cultural assets and creation of sense of ownerships and identity. The connection between Museums and community can be strengthened when museums are properly managed to satisfy the needs and demands of the community and the community in return owns its cultural heritage. The study is carried out through field surveys and personal observations of the authors. For proper management of highlighted problems already standardised remedial case studies have been considered. The study found a number of problems and concluded with their proper management for profitable public outreach and tourism development. | |
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| Keywords: | Community, Inclusive Engagement, Museum, Tourism, Management | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)36 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)36 | |
| Page Nos: | 485-502 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 36 | |
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Information Verification Motivation and its Influence on Users’ Social Media Advertising Evaluation and Outcome Behaviors |
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| Abstract: | Social media has overwhelmingly changed the behavior of users and organizations worldwide. Users use social media platforms for several reasons. One of them is users’ product information verification motivation. The effect of product information verification motivation (IVM) on users’ attitudes and behaviors in the social media advertising (SMA) context is still unfathomed. The current study investigates the attitudinal and direct influence of users’ IVM on their social media ad click response (ACR). Furthermore, the influence of attitude towards SMA and ACR on users' purchase intentions (PI) and online buying behavior (OBB) is investigated. Data was gathered from 200 social media users in Pakistan by using an online survey. Results show that users' IVM attitudinally and directly influence their ACR. Furthermore, users’ ACR influences their PI and OBB. Overall, findings highlight the crucial role of IVM, attitude towards SMA, and ACR in influencing users’ PI and their OBB. | |
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| Keywords: | Ad-Click Response, Purchase Intentions, Social Media Advertising | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)37 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)37 | |
| Page Nos: | 503-514 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 37 | |
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Development of an Indigenous Scale on Altruism in Urdu |
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| Abstract: | The present study focused on the development of an indigenous scale on altruism in Urdu language. With the help of literature, expert point of view and personal observation, the initial draft of items was prepared. Pilot study was conducted to see the effectiveness and length of the item pool. Then exploratory factor analysis was conducted through SPSS 22 and Principal Component Analysis was applied. The results of the analyses revealed a three-factor model with a 0.89 internal consistency. Overall, findings established the scale's usefulness in research and for practical purposes | |
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| Keywords: | Altruism, Concern Factor, Empathy Factor, Indigenous, Recipient Factor, Scree Plot | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)38 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)38 | |
| Page Nos: | 515-526 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 38 | |
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China in the Global Media Sphere: A Review |
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| Abstract: | News about China is ubiquitous, yet we know very little about how the news media has represented China in the global media sphere.This study aims at providing a theoretical overview of the global media representations of China. Arguably China remains one of the few countries which have been widely debated in both global media and public discourses vis-à-vis it’s growing economic and political influence in the global world order, its unique cultural and political system, and internal and external challenges. The modest attempt of the current study is to present an overview of the dominant Western and non-Western media representations of China along with the theoretical and methodological approaches the studies utilized. The synthesis of the findings of the studies suggests that there is overwhelmingly negative and critical representation of China in the Western media often depicting China as “negative Other”. However, the non-Western media on the other hand depicted China in a favorable and nuanced ways. The findings are elaborated in the light of the forces and factors at play that might shape the media narratives on China in the cross political and cultural settings. | |
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| Keywords: | China, Discourse, Image Construction, Media Framing, Representations | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)39 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)39 | |
| Page Nos: | 527-537 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 39 | |
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Impact of Cognitive Dissonance Bias on Investors’ Decisions: Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of cognitive dissonance bias on investors' decision-making, with an emphasis on the moderating effect of emotional intelligence. Cognitive and emotional stages may obstruct rational investment decision-making. This study provides empirical evidence demonstrating how cognitive dissonance bias affects an investor's ability to make emotionally informed decisions. The analysis is conducted using primary data. A questionnaire has been designed to collect data from the sample. Simple regression is used to test the direct relationship between cognitive dissonance and investor’s decision; for testing the moderation effect of emotional intelligence Hayes process model 1 is used. All the results of the study have been proved to be significant. | |
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| Keywords: | Behavioral Biases, Cognitive Dissonance, Emotional Intelligence, Investor’s Decision | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)040 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)040 | |
| Page Nos: | 538-552 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 40 | |
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The Critique of Democracy by Dr. Mohammad Iqbal in the Light of Quran and Hadith |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to analyze Iqbal's criticism of modern secular democracy, focusing on its limitations and exploitative nature. Western political philosophers acknowledge the failure of secular democracy, with sovereignty often dominated by elected rulers. Economic philosophers like Bertrand de Juouvenel and Daya Krishna argue that democracy is a myth rather than reality. Karl Marx's concept of Communism counters capitalism by arguing for a sound sovereign, complete code of life, and ethical standards. Iqbal criticizes Western democracy, emphasizing its Islamic approach. Research is undertaken to find out a rationale for analyzing Iqbal's critique of Secular Democracy by reviewing his writings, the Quran, and Hadiths. After undertaking a qualitative study given the data available, the findings are that Islam offers guidance for solving human problems, fostering brotherhood, and establishing peace. Its comprehensive system ensures democracy's success, with equal opportunities and fair distribution. | |
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| Keywords: | Al-Quran, Iqbal, Democracy, Spiritual, Western Democracy | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)41 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-III)41 | |
| Page Nos: | 553-563 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v5-3 | |
| Article #: | 41 | |
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