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Volume 1, Issue 1
Articles
Political Instability and the Budget Deficit in Economy: A Case of Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This paper aimed to explore the impacts of political instability on budget deficit in the economy of Pakistan. Budget deficit is harmful for every economy and is responsible for high inflation in the world especially in developing and third world countries. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques have been used. Budget deficit, Trade deficit, political instability and exchange rate are used as variables. Time Series Test, Uni Root Test, Johansen co integration technique and error correction model were used to analyze the data to reach the required results. Unstable political environment reduced investment and the speed of economic development. Therefore, Political stability play a vital role for the stable polices for budget, under the unstable political conditions, political polarization and coalitions cause some lags in reform processes which, in turn result in budget deficits. This study recommends that government should maintain the political stability which will encourages the domestic and foreign investors. Improved business and economic conditions will be helpful in reducing the budget deficit. | |
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| Keywords: | Political Instability, Budget Deficit, Political Economy, Pakistan. | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)01 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)01 | |
| Page Nos: | 1-20 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 1 | |
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Training and Support Centers (CTSCS) As a Resource Center in Professional Development of Teachers |
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| Abstract: | The article aims to examine to check the effectiveness of professional training organized by Cluster Training and support centers (CTSCs) to explore relationship among the factors of professional training organized by (CTSC) and to predict the impact of professional training of teachers on their performance. The problem stated in this study was to analyzing the role of Cluster Training and support centers (CTSCs) as a resource center in professional development of teachers. The target population was comprised of all the teacher of district Faisalabad. Researcher used multistage sampling method to collect data. The sample consisted of 120 school teachers. Findings of the study revealed that Teachers who received re-training based on the school cluster meetings and interactions have improved competences in the teaching. Majority of responses showed that Teachers instructed by CTSC training had the benefit of active and participatory learning and development program enhanced their competences in pedagogy which accounted for the success of their lesson. | |
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| Keywords: | Cluster Training and Support Centers (CTSCS), Resource Center, Accessible Collection, Resource Materials | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)02 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)02 | |
| Page Nos: | 21-30 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 2 | |
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The Influence of Co-Workers’ Perceived Warmth, Competence and Inclusion on Employees’ Turnover Intention: The Mediating Effect of Job Attitudes |
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| Abstract: | The fast-food industry is experiencing tremendous growth worldwide. Full-service restaurants have contributed relatively 30 percent only share while 70 percent share is captured by cafes. Researchers have found that amongst the three dining restaurants mentioned above, casual dining restaurants have the highest challenge of psycho-social risk factors that are related to the work environment cause stress-related disorders like turnover intention in the workers including co-worker warmth, co-worker competence, and inclusion, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of co-workers. The objectives of current study is to examine the direct relationship of co-worker warmth, co-worker competence, and inclusion with turnover intention and also examined the indirect relationship of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. This study collected data from dining restaurant workers through survey questionnaires. 311 questionnaires responses were analysed in SPSS and PLS. The result supported the direct relationships of co-worker warmth, co-worker competence, and inclusion with turnover intention and also mediation of organizational commitment and job satisfaction between co-worker warmth, co-worker competence, and inclusion with turnover intention. | |
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| Keywords: | Warmth, Competence, Inclusion, Turnover Intention, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)03 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)03 | |
| Page Nos: | 31-56 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 3 | |
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Egyptian Revolution: The End of Hosni Mubarak’s Thirty |
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| Abstract: | This paper attempts to examine the events of Egyptian revolution and resultantly the removal of long-term authoritarian ruler Hosni Mubarak. It also highlights the role of the youth of Egypt to change the regime to bring democracy in the country. Moreover, this paper highlights the causes which led the Egyptians to come out of their houses to dethrone Hosni Mubarak. The excessive use of power by the governmental authorities to curb the protesters is also the part of this research. This research also throws light on the role played by the military and other law enforcement agencies during this revolution. It also explores how the social media was used during these protests and how it helped to spread the news of the events of these protests. Along with Hosni Mubarak, this paper slightly describes the earlier authoritarians of Egypt. It also explores that what tactics were used by the authoritarian rulers to prolong their rules. | |
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| Keywords: | Continuous Emergency, Social Media, Civil clashes, Tahrir Square, Hosni Mubarak | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)04 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)04 | |
| Page Nos: | 57-65 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 4 | |
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Hindering Factors in the Learning of English at Elementary Level: A Case of Dera Ghazi Khan |
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| Abstract: | This study was aimed to find out the factors that hinder in the learning of English at elementary level. The study was descriptive in nature with quantitative design. The target population was all the students of seventh grade in Public Elementary Schools situated in D.G. Khan. Sample was drawn from 55 government elementary schools. Cluster random sampling technique was adopted to draw the sample of the study. Ten boys and eight girls’ elementary schools were taken as a cluster for the study. A questionnaire was developed as a research tool. The validity and reliability of the tool was also determined through pilot testing. The collected data were analyzed by the application of inferential as well as descriptive statistics. The overall results of the study showed that the mother tongue and the school environment were the main hindering factors in the learning of English. The establishments of the Language labs in all the elementary schools were recommended in this study | |
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| Keywords: | Factors, Environment, Mother Tongue and Elementary Level | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)05 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)05 | |
| Page Nos: | 66-75 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 5 | |
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Transcultural Adaptation of Brecht’s Work by Ajoka Theatre in Pakistan: A Critical Review |
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| Abstract: | Transcultural theatrical adaptation has become an increasingly significant domain of inquiry for scholars of language and literature and also a key issue due to its collaborative creative mode as process and continuing popularity as a product. As the foremost representative of Brecht’s radical dramaturgy in Pakistan since 1983, Ajoka theatre utilized these adaptations as socio-political spaces to challenge dominant discourse on the rise of dictatorship and capitalism in Pakistan. Detailed literature review result showed that in Pakistan’s context, there is dearth of comprehensive research regarding the historical intentionality in indigenizing of Brecht’s work by Ajoka Theatre. This study outlines and examines relevant literature regarding the adaptation of Brecht’s selected work in Pakistan by Ajoka Theatre. It also asserts that Brecht’s “canonical” literary works, controversial indigenization in Pakistan, offers a striking account of valuable and interesting transcultural adaptation study because it was performed through a ‘radical’ theatre with a distinct dramaturgy and political philosophy in two different cultural contexts and also in distant historical frame of reference | |
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| Keywords: | Theatrical Adaptation, Ajoka TheatreHistorical Intentionality, New Historicism, Theory of Adaptation | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)06 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)06 | |
| Page Nos: | 76-89 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 6 | |
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Incorporating Information and Communication Technology: A Study of the Perceptions of ESL Teachers at Secondary Level |
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| Abstract: | The present study explores the essential aspects of integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English language teaching at the secondary level in district Vehari in terms of its effectiveness, availability, technical facilities, and pedagogical implication toward teaching the English language. This qualitative research highlights how modern technology helps students effectively learning a foreign language. Structured interviews were conducted from 43 ELT teachers. The recorded opinions were rearranged employing content analysis as per the thematic categorists taken as the basis for the items of the questionnaire for interview. The results showed that the use of ICT in ELT classes provided a motivating learning environment making students attentive and active learners. The teachers endorsed that technology integration in their pedagogical practices made their teaching more effective and involving..The problems faced by teachers during the use of ICT include technical faults in machinery; troubleshoot the problem in software, limited capacity of the labs, and in some cases, slow speed of the internet. Recommendation to improve the integration of ICT for English language teaching is given at the end | |
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| Keywords: | ICT, English Language Teaching (ELT), Perception, Active Learning, Technology Integration | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)07 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)07 | |
| Page Nos: | 90-97 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 7 | |
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Political Stance and Motives of PNA’s Agitation behind Tahreek Nizam-e-Mustaf: A Critical Study |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to examine the amalgamation of politics with religion. During the second tenure of Bhutto, some religious and political parties made a joint alliance due to electoral rigging. This alliance had political as well as religious goals yet, former was of primary significance. So, this study has revisited the utilization of religious thoughts to seek political closure. The focus of this research was to highlight the hidden goals of PNA in the guise of a religious movement. the enforcement of Islamic Laws and political as well as Socio-economic justice. This research paper will also reveal the fact that most political parties of this alliance used this movement as a tool for getting political power. The authors have also tried to highlight the objectives and consequences of the Nizam-e-Mustafa movement. This paper also highlights how much goals could be achieved by this alliance and movement | |
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| Keywords: | Tahreek Nizam-e-Mustafa, Pakistan National Alliance, Pakistan Peoples’ Party | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)08 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)08 | |
| Page Nos: | 98-111 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 8 | |
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Impact of Demographic Determinants of Males towards the Attitude for Women Empowerment |
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| Abstract: | The study explores the impact of the demographic variables of males and the attitude of males of society towards the empowerment of working women. It is the need of the hour to improve the status of working women as they perform dual responsibilities as being a reproductive member and also a productive member of the society. This multitasking status of women should be accepted in the society. For this purpose, the educated married males were studied. A sample of 200 respondents was taken from Faisalabad district Pakistan through multistage sampling method. Chi square was applied. Association of age, education, monthly salary and residential area was checked with the trust on working women which was taken as an indicator of males’ attitude. Findings have shown that age, level of education, monthly salary and residential area are associated with the level of trust for the working women | |
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| Keywords: | Attitude, Trust, Empowerment, Women | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)09 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)09 | |
| Page Nos: | 112-121 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 9 | |
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Emerging Security Challenges in South Asia: Impacts on Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Emerging Security Challenges in South Asia: Impacts on Pakistan The study highlights the current security situation in South Asia, particularly in Pakistan. Pakistan is facing different internal and external dynamics for the current threats. The region of South Asia has strong and weak features. Pakistan and India are two major players in this region and peace and security challenges depend on the relationship between the two countries. Pakistan lives in an environment with internal and external challenges. There are currently several critical issues, including political, socio-economic, energy crises, security, drone strikes, suicide bombings, and various other challenges. South Asian countries are facing grave security concerns due to increasing extremism, terrorism and intolerance. Terrorism, bigotry and suicide bombings are a major threat and an obstacle to the region's progress and prosperity. Even the mosques and imambargah, as well as the targeted murder of religious leaders from both sects, are not certain. Terrorism has seriously threatened the peace, security and stability of this region and the rest of the international community. The question is what can be done to improve the regional security situation and how, under these circumstances, can mutual trust be built between the two main players in South Asia? | |
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| Keywords: | South Asia, Security, Challenges, Terrorism, Sectarianism, Extremism, Instability | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)10 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)10 | |
| Page Nos: | 122-134 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 10 | |
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Effect of Students Attitude towards Technology on their Academic Achievement |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of the study was to investigate effect of students’ attitude towards technology on their academic achievement in technical education. Data was collected from 3338 respondents of final year students of Civil, Electrical and Mechanical technologies. To measure attitude towards technology Pupils' Attitudes towards Technology (PATT) USA instrument was adapted. Validity and reliability were re-established on the revised instrument. The achievement scores of students were obtained from the annual examination results of the Punjab Board of Technical Education. Data were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS-15). Regression analysis was also used to investigate the effect of students’ attitude towards technology on their academic achievement. Results showed that students with higher level of attitude towards technology reflected higher academic achievement in technical education while students with lower level of attitude towards technology scored lower marks in technical education. The present study established that respondents’ overall attitude towards technology significantly affect their academic achievement. It is recommended that all the stakeholders should considered the students’ attitude towards technology while planning and implementing the technology education programs | |
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| Keywords: | Attitude towards technology, Academic Achievement, and Technical Education | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)11 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)11 | |
| Page Nos: | 135-146 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 11 | |
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Intellectual Property: Public Understanding and Awareness |
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| Abstract: | This paper attempts to create understanding and awareness with respect to concept of intellectual property among general masses. Intellectual Property has been the fastest growing and most vital field in Pakistan for the past two decades. Regardless of influential and powerful legal and institutional reforms by the government, it is very difficult to implement intellectual property rights within the country. Because of this non-implementation, the reports of United States Trade Representative from 2009 to 2016 have placed Pakistan on Priority Watch List. As per these reports, the standard of counterfeiting and piracy is very high in Pakistan and Pakistan must take steps to root out these evils. The biggest reason for this non-implementation is lack of public understanding and awareness with regard to concept of intellectual property. This paper is based on doctrinal research and concludes that public understanding and awareness is need of the hour and without it, we cannot take full advantage of the benefits of intellectual property. | |
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| Keywords: | Awareness, Counterfeiting, Intellectual Property, Piracy, Understanding | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)12 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)12 | |
| Page Nos: | 147-155 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 12 | |
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The Ideological Basis of Design Motifs in the Architecture of Subcontinent: The Converging Stories of Bells and Tassels |
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| Abstract: | The motifs used for surface decoration in architecture of the Subcontinent contain a wealth of historical information. They contribute to our understanding of the ideas, tastes and preferences of the region, which has hosted multiple civilizations. This paper explores the ideological foundation of two apparently similar motifs of architectural ornamentation used in the Subcontinent, i.e. bells and tassels. The study shows that these motifs had their roots in quite different sets of ideas. These ideas inform us about the significance they developed in the cultural domain. For instance, the bell symbolizing sound draws its significance from an entirely indigenous paradigm; it symbolized sacred sound. The tassel on the other hand, had a more diverse ideological and cultural background that culminated into its usage as a talisman against evil eye. Both these symbols transformed into motifs of architectural decoration in the Mughal period and both represent stories that converge in the sensibilities of the land. | |
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| Keywords: | Bells, Islamic Architecture, Motifs, Surface Decoration, Symbols | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)13 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)13 | |
| Page Nos: | 156-173 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 13 | |
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General Muhammad Zia Ul Haq and Non Party Politics in Pakistan: An Analysis |
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| Abstract: | This study explains the link between eleven years of rule of General Zia Ul Haq and non-party politics in Pakistan. He after assuming the power bans political activities in the country on 5 July 1977 although political parties were not banned. All political leaders were detained and house arrested. He assured the nation that he had not abrogated the constitution but suspended some portions of the constitution of Pakistan. He argued that he had to step in the political field when political leadership failed to solve the crisis. He also emphasized on his nonpolitical agenda and he stressed on his intentions for polls in 90 days according to the constitution (Newberg, 1995). In the constitution of Pakistan political parties’ act of 1962 was adopted in which elections in the country had to hold on party basis. He assured the nation free and fair elections on party basis in October 1977. With the passage of time he understood one thing clearly that the return of PPP in power means his removal from power and after it his trail under article 6 of the constitution. To stop PPP in power Gen. Zia adopted non-party politics as tool and survive for eleven years in power. This study explains the nature, need and impact of non-party politics on the politics of Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Elections, Gen. Zia Ul Haq, Martial Law, Non Party Politics, PPP | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)14 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)14 | |
| Page Nos: | 174-185 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 14 | |
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Pakistan’s General Elections 2013: Analysis of Time Magazine and The Economist |
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| Abstract: | This research study looks at the exposition of Pakistan in International Media through a discourse analysis of the articles of Time magazine and The Economist during the 10th General Elections in Pakistan. The study examines the nature of treatment given by the above mentioned two most important international English language magazines. The study was conducted in the light of agenda setting and framing theory to investigate the coverage of Pakistan in the international media. The Time magazine represented the perception of Pakistani youth concerning May 11 polls. The Time magazine and The Economist endorses the results of the May 11 General Elections in Pakistan and highlights the biggest challenges facing Pakistan’s new prime minister. | |
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| Keywords: | Elections 2013, Pakistan, The Economist, Time Magazine | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)15 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)15 | |
| Page Nos: | 186-195 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 15 | |
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English as Language of Instructions or a Blend of Urdu at Public Secondary Schools: Perceptions and Practices |
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| Abstract: | This descriptive study is a critique on such decisions towards language of instructions for the teaching of English and sciences subjects at secondary level. It was conducted on 30 male and female public secondary schools and their teachers to know whether English has been used as language of instructions while teaching of English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics at grade 10 as perceived or with a blend of Urdu. An opinionnaire and a classroom observation checklist, as tools, were administered on 30 teachers teaching English, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology to grade 10 to know their opinions and practices. The results of the study show that a majority of teachers prefer mixture of mother tongue and English as a foreign language for the teaching of English, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology in the classrooms. There are some instances of using English which are made when the teacher is supposed to explain scientific terminologies. Even English, as a subject, has been taught either in mother tongue or mixture of English and Urdu where Urdu remained dominant. The study found gap in between the decisions taken and the prevalent practices and suggests that teachers and students’ comfort zone may be considered before devising drastic policies for the language of instructions. The study concludes that without the proficiency of teachers in English language skills sweeping policies should not be made, as in the past, so that content knowledge could be easily transferred to students to further their skills | |
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| Keywords: | Foreign Language, Language of Instruction, Mother Tongue, Public Schools | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)16 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)16 | |
| Page Nos: | 196-204 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 16 | |
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Militant Religious Extremism: The Way Forward |
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| Abstract: | Due to complexity of problem of militancy in the name of religion and depths of its tentacles one may find it difficult a way out. But one can be hopeful exactly for the same reason. It seems that militancy and terrorism has grown so pervasive that it cannot spread more. It has expanded to the fullest. This dismal situation is itself a hope, the nation cannot fall deeper it has to rise as it is the only way left. Another thing that kindles hope is the fact that violence can never be permanent. It’s the peace that brings stability and thus permanence so violence has to give way to peace and stability. Despite all this, the challenge is enormous as the militancy has been given space to grow unchallenged for three decades, it will not be easy to claim back the lost space. The research is qualitative and based on descriptive and analytical methods of research. This article argues that confusion and diplomacy while dealing Taliban whether “good or bad” gave way to clear policy of declaring all militants’ enemy of Pakistan. The change occurred after December 16, 2014 attacks on Army Public School Peshawar, in which almost 140 students were killed by terrorists. This incident changed the whole thinking. Public was not ready to forgive nor was military establishment. Attack was direct and hatred for militancy was at its height. Public was ready to support the military operation against militants in all possible ways. | |
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| Keywords: | Ideology, Militancy, Militants, Pakistan, Religious Extremism | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)17 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-I)17 | |
| Page Nos: | 205-216 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v1-1 | |
| Article #: | 17 | |
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