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Volume 6, Issue 1
Articles
Governance, Nationalism, or Diplomacy for Global COVID-19 Outbreak Response |
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| Abstract: | The document discusses the efforts to manage Covid-19 outbreak global governance response on an equitable and timely way using the Covax mechanism and the reality imposed by developed countries’ agenda through nationalism and vaccine diplomacy. The analysis is based on hegemonic approaches in the international relations contrasting with the global cooperation approach. At a glance, cooperation and solidarity have been misunderstood as charitable diplomacy, in addition to the selfishness and discrimination of the nationalist measures of countries with significant financial and geopolitical resources that have monopolized vaccination for their population. | |
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| Keywords: | Governance, Post- Pandemic, Vaccine Diplomacy Vaccine Nationalism | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)01 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)01 | |
| Page Nos: | 01-12 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 1 | |
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Kehlmann’s Tyll as a Tale of an Artist's Tenacity |
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| Abstract: | Tyll Ulenspiegel in Daniel Kehlmann’s Tyll, plucked from German folklore, and is placed inside the whirlwind of the Thirty Years War, with nothing but his wits at his disposal against the Four Biblical Horsemen of the Apocalypse: War, Plague, Famine, and Death. Fleeing his home after the hanging of his father blamed of witchcraft, Tyll finds himself performing as a travelling artist, alternating between entertaining and insulting both the masses and the royalty, deftly dodging death while others around him are not nimble enough to avoid the Grim Reaper’s scythe. Employing historiographic metafiction and narrative strategies of the war novel, Kehlmann highlights how war destroys human life. He depicts war with all its inglorious and gruesome details, bashing ‘historical’ accounts through the ridiculousness of his own characters attempting to write the same. Tyll, the artist, becomes the only character who is authentic and unheard, resilient in life but obscure in posterity. To explicate all of the above statements, the paper exploits the theoretic observations of Linda Hutcheon (1988) and Lidia Yuknavitch (2001). | |
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| Keywords: | Art, Daniel Kehlmann, Historiographic Metafiction, Tyll, War Novel | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)02 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)02 | |
| Page Nos: | 13-26 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 2 | |
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Trauma of Kashmir in the Confluence of Form and Content: A Literary Study of Selected Poems from The Country Without a Post Office |
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| Abstract: | The research attempts to unearth the enunciation of meaning in the coalescence of form and content, and moreover, it investigates how the chaos has aptly been depicted in the amalgamation of different forms of poetry: villanelle, canzone and sestina. This infusion of form and content entails literary stylistics as its theoretical framework. Literary stylistics primarily deals with, on the one hand, surface level meaning and on the other hand, it deals with the underlying meaning of the literary text. Following the model suggested by Carter (1979), the selected poems are examined on four major levels as i) grammatical ii) Lexico-semantic, iii) form and iv) context. This study finds that the poetic forms, having been inextricably interwoven with the content, display traumatized characters reeling while grappling with the unceasing calamities. This amalgamation of different forms has aptly served the purpose of embodying the message of ominous happenings that have brought about the transformation of a paradise into a living picture of hell. | |
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| Keywords: | Chaos, Kashmir, Literary Stylistics and Farewell, Post Office, Trauma | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)03 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)03 | |
| Page Nos: | 27-39 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 3 | |
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Pakistan under the Shadow of Nuclear Power: Scoping the Beneficiaries of US Aid, Effectiveness, and Future Implications |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the US sanctions imposed on Pakistan after nuclear weapons tests by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It discusses factors determined to lift the US sanctions on Islamabad and its effectiveness of steadily sturdy economic sanctions. It examines how the US utilized Pakistan for national security interests by providing aid in a US-led campaign of counterterrorism after the 9/11 events. The self-interests of the US led it to favor Pakistan by lifting the sanctions and providing aid as well as Pakistan to utilize aid for military establishment and development purposes. This paper examines the cost-effectiveness of US aid and the gap between domestic and international perceptions regarding US aid beneficiaries in Pakistan. The main objective of this paper is to assess Pakistan’s focus to use the US aid by spending it for military or people-centric purposes, maintained by domestic and international perspectives. In this context, the paper provides a few suggestions with considerable implications on the donor-beneficiary approach to providing aid and spending funds in the future. | |
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| Keywords: | Aid, Development, Nuclear, Pakistan, Sanctions, US | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)04 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)04 | |
| Page Nos: | 40-52 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 4 | |
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Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Pakistan: An Analysis |
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| Abstract: | The main objective of the study is to study the impact of demographic variables on the job satisfaction of teachers. Government and private school teachers of district Bahawalnagar comprised the population of the study. 330 teachers were selected by using two stage sampling. At first stage schools were selected by using random sampling technique and at the second stage teachers were selected conveniently. For quantitative analysis, The tool of the study was “Teachers’ Job Satisfaction- Assessment Scale”, was adopted. Data were collected by using Google forms. The primary data were used and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical finding suggests that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and demographic variables including gender, age, and nature of the entity. This paper also finds an evidence of bidirectional relationship between teachers’ performance and job satisfaction. It implies that working environment reinforces job satisfaction, and job satisfaction enhances working performance. | |
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| Keywords: | Demographic Characteristics, Institutions, Job Satisfaction, Teachers | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)05 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)05 | |
| Page Nos: | 53-69 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 5 | |
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Illustrating the Bizarre World of Dystopia and Havocs Created by the Nuclear Nukes in Martin Amis’ Anti-Utopian Fiction |
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| Abstract: | This research explores the study of Martin Amis’s Einstein’s Monsters to exhibit the philosophical concept of dystopia or anti-utopia. With the abundant evidence from stories and an essay which are collected in Einstein’s Monsters, the researcher comes to find out that utopia cannot be maintained by Europeans due to several reasons, for instance, the proliferation of nuclear nukes, escalation of science and technology and many more. In doing so, the researcher has brought the concept of Krishan Kumar and M. Keith Booker. The theoretical concept of ‘anti-utopia’ is proposed by Krishan Kumar’s Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times. Simultaneously, the concept of 'cacotopia’ is proposed by M. Keith Booker. This research paper focuses on the five stories namely "Bujak and the Strong Force,” “Insight at Flame Lake,” “The Time Disease,” “The Little Puppy That Could” and “The Immortals" where these stories portray the post-nuclear apocalyptic vision which demonstrates the philosophical concept of dystopia. | |
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| Keywords: | Dystopia, Egotism, Industrialization, Nuclear Deterrence, Nuclear Nukes, Utopia | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)06 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)06 | |
| Page Nos: | 70-81 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 6 | |
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Pakistan-India Relations: Bridging the Gap through Cricket Diplomacy for Peace and Political Integration |
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| Abstract: | Pakistan came into being as a result of partition of India on August 14, 1947 which was a British Indian Colony. There are many unresolved disputes between Pakistan and India. Kashmir is the bone of contention and has caused severe damages to the socio-economic conditions of both the countries. Although the Kashmir dispute has been presented at different international forums like the United Nations Organization yet after 73 years the dispute has not been resolved. There are tensions on both sides of the border. The "lowering of the flags", ceremony at the Wagha border is an interesting event and the chanting of slogans from both sides promote hatred between the people of both the countries. Though there are many misunderstandings between the two nations but there is still ray of hope. Cricket has most of the times played a role of successful diplomacy when the tensions were on peak. It has promoted harmony among the people of both the nations. Cricket has contributed in peace building. The most famous game of both the countries, is cricket that has also suffered and remained suspended at different times due to the escalations. Cricket has become a source of inter-state marriages as Pakistani cricketers have married to Indians. Cricket has been observed as addiction in the spectators of Pakistan and India. It sparks the sentiments of the spectators and their support for the players in the cricket ground during match. | |
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| Keywords: | Confrontation, Cricket Diplomacy, Mutual Integration, Peace Building Security Issues | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)07 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)07 | |
| Page Nos: | 82-95 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 7 | |
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Impact of Child Abuse on the Academic Performance and Personality Development of Young Adult Students of Karachi Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Child abuse effects academically and mentally both, It increased fear, guilt and self-blame. The research design of this study based on descriptive and phenomenological approach to investigate the performance of abused child at school. Qualitative method is used to take in depth knowledge. Purposive sampling and semi structured interview was used to collect data. The study concluded that there was a considerable influence of child abuse on student’s academic performance. Although the students suffered from various types of child abuse (Physical abuse, Sexual abuse, Emotional abuse and Neglect) many were unaware that they were being abused by anyone due to un-awareness. Child abuse was found to significantly influence on personal development because it increased stress among the abused learner. Child abuse affects pupils’ behavior negatively as abused students behaved differently and negatively from the non-abused ones. Child abuse affects learning disorders negatively with abused children having learning disorders and performing worse than the non-abused ones. Maximum those child become victim of abuse who are neglect by family or parents | |
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| Keywords: | Academic Performance, Child Abuse, Personality Development, Young Adults | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)08 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)08 | |
| Page Nos: | 96-108 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 8 | |
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Azerbaijan-Iran Tension: Implications for Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This research work explains that Pakistan supported Azerbaijan in Azerbaijan’s war against Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh and in result, improved its reputation in the area. After that war Azerbaijan took control of an important route in Nagorno-Karabakh region and interpreted trade between Iran, Armenia and beyond. Iran issued warnings and started to use its influence within Azerbaijan to secure its interests which were answered offensively by Azerbaijan and resulted in conflicting situation. Later on Azerbaijan held military drill and despite Iran's objections, troops from Pakistan, Azerbaijan, and Turkey staged this drills near Azerbaijan’s capital Baku in September 2021. In response Iran bring its forces on the Azerbaijan’s border and started its own military exercise. These developments are alarming, and indicating Caucasus region has a new geopolitical realities, and Iran has many motives to get worried. Iran is a close neighboring state of Pakistan and Iranians’ counter-strategy to restore its influence must affect its relations with Pakistan. | |
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| Keywords: | Azerbaijan, Caucasus Region, Geopolitics, Iran, Pakistan, Trilateral Drills | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)09 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)09 | |
| Page Nos: | 109-122 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 9 | |
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Metaphorical Use of Animals in English and Punjabi Exocentric Compounds: A Cognitive-Cultural Perspective |
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| Abstract: | The study examines the metaphorical use of animals in English and Punjabi exocentric compounds. In figurative expressions such as idioms and proverbs the use of animals is very common but no attention is paid towards the metaphorical use of animals in exocentric compounds. Thus, to fill the gap the study with the combo of cognitive and cultural linguistics attempts to bring into light that due to the cultural variations there are certain similarities and disparities in the negative and positive conceptualization and metaphorical use of animals in the languages. The study argues every exocentric compound is culture specific and its meaning cannot easily arrived at by simple cognition. The study further argues that every constituent in an exocentric compound carries some cultural specific conceptualizations and there are certain culturally determined metonymic relations. Thus, for arriving at the metaphorical meaning the cultural background knowledge plays an important role. The data comprised of 50 English and Punjabi exocentric compounds and was analyzed with the combo of cognitive and cultural linguistics framework. The analysis showed that due to cultural differences there are some similarities and disparities in the conceptualizations of animals. The culturally determined metonymic relations help in the formation and for arriving at the metaphorical meanings. | |
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| Keywords: | Animal Metaphors, Cultural Conceptualization, English and Punjabi, Exocentric Compounds, Metonymic Relations | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)10 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)10 | |
| Page Nos: | 123-136 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 10 | |
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The Development of Adaptive Behavior Scale |
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| Abstract: | The current research is essential for parents, teachers and experts to diagnosis the adaptive behavior problems among students with and without learning disabilities. Firstly, 20 experts were interviewed to generate pool of 64 items. After elimination, 44 items was piloted on 100 student’s teachers, as a report measure of 5-point rating scale. Lastly, 10 teachers of 100 students were given the final list of 44 items, Vinland Adaptive Behavior Scale (Saleem&Mahmood, 2011). In the result, Factor analysis distributed the scale into two factors, Adjustable Behavior and Non-Adjustable Behavior. Factors correlation shows that (AAB) scale significant negatively correlated with (NAAB) scale. Scale shows high reliability i.e. Adjustable Adaptive Behavior (.95), Non-adjustable Adaptive Behavior (.61), and total reliability is (.86). Factors show a negative correlation with each other and with overall Adaptive Behavior. Thescale shows a significant correlation with Vinland (ABS). The results revealed that the developed scale is valid. | |
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| Keywords: | Adaptive Behavior, Learning Disabilities, Adjustable and Non-Adjustable Behavior | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)11 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)11 | |
| Page Nos: | 137-155 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 11 | |
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Baetay!’ ‘Bachay!’ ‘Yaar !’, ‘Oye !’: Learners’ Perceptions about Classroom Discourses of Male and Female Pakistani ESL Teachers |
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| Abstract: | The current exploratory study was designed to investigate differences in the male and female ESL teachers’ discourses in ELT classrooms. Insights from the discipline of discourse, Sinclair & Coulthard’s (1975) model, Difference theory and Social Constructionist theory formed the theoretical framework of the study. Data of the study was collected by using convenient sampling technique. The sample of the study was 100 students of Master’s Program at the department of English of a public university in Pakistan. The results of the study show that majority of the learners (around 60%) are of the view that the classroom discourses of the female ESL teachers are different from the male ESL teachers discourses in their nonverbal classroom behaviours, use of hedges, softer expressions and modal verbs. The greater and clearer indicators of differences of the classroom discourses of the teachers appeared in their paralanguage, nonverbal behaviour and prosodic features. | |
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| Keywords: | Classroom Discourse, Discourse, Gender, Language, Pedagogical Identities | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)12 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)12 | |
| Page Nos: | 156-170 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 12 | |
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Role of Tweets of Female Politician in Spreading Feminism: A Case Study of Jacinda Ardern (26 Oct 2020 to 30 May 2021 |
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| Abstract: | The objective of the study is to analyze the link between the use of social media and feminist positivism. In this context, the conversations of Jacinda Ardern on Twitter were fueled by an empathic structure that was supported up by secondary structures of the occupied regional parliamentarian and the interpersonal politician. These qualities were emphasized by the use of coercion and interpersonal situations. Several women leaders, including Jacinda Ardern, used Twitter to emphasize their major positive feminism, both during and prior to the epidemic. Through internet media, it demonstrates the active role of women in politics. This study is about promotion of positive feminism by female politicians, in particular Jacinda Ardern on Twitter during the period 26 October 2020 to 30 May 2021. The characteristics extracted from the tweets via inductive analysis were “congratulatory remarks”, “democracy” and “rights of the people”. It was observed that a positive feminism was a major trend in her tweets. | |
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| Keywords: | Female Politician, Feminism, Jacinda Ardern, Tweets | |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)13 | Details Download |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-I)13 | |
| Page Nos: | 171-178 | |
| Volume & Issue: | v6-1 | |
| Article #: | 13 | |
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