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The Impact of Dominant Languages on Regional Languages: A Case Study of English, Urdu and Shina
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate how Urdu and English have influenced the Shina lexicon in the time span of three successive generations which has been divided into three categories of ‘Youngsters’, ‘Middle Age generation’ and ‘Older generation’. For this research,the data was collected through a questionnaire. The people of three successive generations were asked to choose the most frequently used lexical item in conversation from English, Urdu and their mother tongue Shina. The responses showed that young Shina speakers have been greatly influenced by the dominant languages English and Urdu. The middle aged Shina speakers indicated the direct influence of the Urdu language on the variety of Shina spoken by them. It was revealed that the old generation is not influenced by any of the dominant languages as the only language they can speak is Shina. The present study indicated that Shina might become an endangered language in future if it is not properly documented. Linguistic anthropologists can replicate similar research methods to see impact of dominant languages on other regional languages. Future researchers can also conduct a large scale corpus based study investigating the approximate number of lexicons that have been borrowed from the dominant languages
Authors
Dr. Shammim Ara Shams
Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics & Literature, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
Dr. Munir Khan
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water, and Marine Science, Uthal, Baluchistan, Pakistan
Dr. Mujahid Shah
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Kp. Pakistan
