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Existence of Glass Ceiling in Structures and Gender Forms in the Universities of Pakistan
Abstract
In this study, the existence of the glass ceiling has been analyzed in the Federal Chartered universities of Pakistan. The study was descriptive. The data was collected through questionnaires from the employees of the universities, using purposive sampling techniques (n=484). The data revealed that the glass ceiling exists in Federal Chartered Universities of Pakistan. Elements of glass ceiling such as gender biases and internal structure of organizations were found to exist. Gender-based glass ceiling was found to exist for women and not for men. The internal structures factor favors the males. Based on discussions with the respondents, the strategies for melting the glass ceiling have been proposed. It has been recommended that the researchers may replicate this research to other industries. Further, it has been recommended that the practitioners can implement the strategies to mitigate the glass ceiling in their organizations
Authors
Saima Afzal
Ph. D Scholar, EPM Department, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Dr. Aaisha Akar
Professor, Department of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Keywords
Federal Chartered Universities, Gender, Glass Ceiling, Organizational Structure
