Development of Personal Autonomy in English as the Second Language (ESL) Teachers and Learners in Pakistan

This paper explores Dearden’s concept of personal autonomy for English as the Second Language (ESL) teachers and learners as an important aim of education. The personal autonomy can be effectively developed by English teachers who are critical agents, use modern knowledge; research oriented teaching approaches and technology. The findings reveal that creative pedagogy, critical pedagogy, experiential learning, and reflective thinking can be used as valuable and beneficial strategies for the development of personal autonomy with regards to ESL teaching and learning.